History: Back in the 1950s, a lot of scientists didn't know if mutations resulted from antibiotics, or if cells spontaneously mutated on their own
1] Pure culture that had never experienced antibiotics was introduced to the antibiotic streptomycin
2] Scientists then inoculated a plate of cells and also placed streptomycin into the agar, creating an environment in which only antibiotic resistant cells could live
Result = Approx. same
no. of resistant colonies on each plate
SIMULTANEOUSLY...
1] Inoculated 100 small tubes of liquid medium with the same pure culture bacteria, and allowed each colony to grow to its maximum growth
2] Samples taken out of every tube and were used to inoculate plates that contained streptomycin
Result = a much greater fluctuation in the number of colonies per plate; some plates had many colonies, some had few, and some had none at all. THEREFORE, could conclude that mutations were
SPONTANEOUS and random processes that happened at different times, as could be seen by the fluctuation of resistant strains per each flask
So mutations are not induced by exposure to a particular substance, like a antibiotic, but occur spontaneously
Initially, flu-like symptoms are presented, but the infected individual can usually recover
-if antiviral therapy is initiated at this stage, a healthy immune system can be maintained
Over time, the
immune system begins to weaken as the virus constantly buds away from the t-cells, thus making it weaker and weaker
-this is when people can develop lots of problems with infections such as shingles, herpes infections, skin problems, or even Kaposi's sarcoma
-there are also OPPORTUNISTIC infections as well; the human body's normal flora begins to create problems, as they are now unregulated; this leads to things like fungal infections
Ultimately, the metabolism in people becomes compromised and people begin to waste away, until they cannot support their health anymore and succumb
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