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Psychology 319 final
Terms in this set [52]
What is the central position of Psychology?
Motivation
Motivation concerns conditions responsible for?
variations in intensity, quality, & direction of ongoing behavior
What does "Person as Machine" mean?
People's behaviors & actions are reflexive & involuntary, performed without conscious awareness.
What is some metaphors for Motivation in psychology?
-"Person as Machine"
-"Person as scientist"
- "Person as intentional"
"Person as Machine" is pushed by?
internal needs or drives
What does "Person as Scientist" mean?
-People seek knowledge and understanding as a way of mastering their environment.
"Person as Scientist" aims to?
-Aim to make accurate predictions
about their
environment
What does "Person as intentional"?
-Develops goals & action plans
What is the classical motivation formula?
[Motivation*Ability]- Situational Constraints= Performance
What is the need theory by Abraham Maslow?
-Internal
mechanical theory
-All humans have basic set of needs that express themselves over life span of individual as internal "pushes" or drives.
What is the hierarchy of needs by A.Maslow; From low to high?
[Low] Psychological needs, Safety/Security needs, Love needs, Esteem needs, self-actualization needs [High]
A. Maslow psychological needs entails?
Basic needs like food and water.
A.Maslow Safety needs entails?
Need to produce a secure and safe environment.
A.Maslow Love needs entails?
Desire to be accepted by others.
A.Maslow Esteem needs entails?
Being respected for accomplishments or capabilities
A.Maslow Self-actualization needs entails?
Desire to develop capabilities to the fullest, or to become everything one is capable of becoming
What do Employers need to know and considerate? [based on A.Maslow]
-Employer needs to know at what need level individual worker is
operating.
-Employer needs to consider such different need levels when designing rewards, compensation, and benefits [e.g., flexible benefits plan]
What is Vroom's "VIE" theory?
It is based on a "Person as Scientist"
What does the "V" stand for in Vroom's VIE theory?
Valence: Strength of person's preference for particular outcome.
What does the "I" stand for in Vroom's VIE theory?
Instrumentality: Perceived relationship between performance & attainment of a certain outcome.
What does the "E" stand for in Vroom's VIE theory?
Expectancy: Perceived relationship between effort and performance.
In the Scientist Model, what is the Equity theory?
Individuals look at world in terms of comparative inputs & outcomes
What is a modern approach to work Motivation in psychology?
Personal as Intentional theory
Person as Intentional, goal setting theory mean what?
-Goal is a motivational
force
-Set specific, difficult goals
-Strong support for this theory!
What is Self-Efficacy in modern motivation theory?
Self-Efficacy is a belief in one's capacity to perform a specific task or reach a specific goal.
How did Self-Efficacy in modern motivation develop and increase?
-Mastery experiences [success in
difficult tasks]
-Modeling [watch similar others succeed]
-Social persuasion [encouraged by others]
-Physiological states [reduce stress or fatigue]
What are the common themes in modern motivation approaches?
-Intention plays key role in motivated behavior
-Feedback is critical
-Theory should include elements of person-as-scientist
-Theory should include self-efficacy
Can motivation me measured? [T/F]
True
What does MTQ stand for?
Motivational trait questionnaire
What are the 6 measures aspects of "general" motivation, from the MTQ?
-Desire to learn
-Mastery
-Other referenced
goals
-Competitiveness
-Worry
-Emotionality
The need to achieve by learning new skills or acquiring knowledge, Is what aspect of the MTQ?
Desire to learn
Personal goal setting and continued task improvement when required,is what aspect of the MTQ?
Mastery
Tendency to compare performance to the performance of other, is what aspect of the MTQ?
Other referenced goals
A focus on competition and wanting to do better than co worker or peers, is what aspect of the MTQ?
Competitiveness
Concerns about having one's performance evaluated, is what aspect of the MTQ?
Worry
focus on the emotions of being evaluated in a performance context, is what aspect of the MTQ?
Emotionally
How is generation defined?
Defined by group members who share birth years & significant life events.
Traditionalist were born in what years?
1937-1945
Baby Boomers were born in what years?
1946-1964
Generation Xers were born in what years?
1965-1982
Generation Yers were born in what years?
1983-2000
What did the research of Smola and Sutton in 2002 indicate?
-Younger employees appear to be more "me" oriented
-Today's workers value "pride in work" less than workers of 1974
-Work is less important now than 25 years ago; work-life balance is more important!
What is needed for new views on work?
New motivational models.
Motivation concerns the conditions responsible for variations in intensity, quality, and _________ of ongoing behavior.?
direction
What type of motivational approach placed the emphasis for behavior and directed activity directly on the environment?
Behaviorist approach
Which theory proposed that various forces in the psychological environment have valence?
Field theory
What is the basic model for considering the role of motivation in performance?
Performance = [Motivation x Ability] - Situational constraints
Maslow's model fits the person-as-machine metaphor well. Which of the following concern this model?
-A person will respond to whatever satisfies the lowest
level unfulfilled need.
-The behavior of the individual is unconscious and automatic.
-An employer needs to know at what need level a worker is operating.
What is a major problem associated with using contingent reinforcement?
The approach has little or no role for any cognitive activity.
What is the theory called that suggests that tension exists when individuals hold incompatible thoughts?
Dissonance theory
The feedback loop in goal setting theory deals with the discrepancy between: ?
Actual goal accomplishment and the goal to which the person was committed.
Managers, across all cultures, tend to employ all of the following motivational practices?
-Quality improvement interventions
-Differential distribution of rewards
-Design and redesign of jobs and organizations.
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Verified questionspsychology
Which of the following is the best example of kinesthesia? a. Awareness of the smell of freshly brewed coffee. b. Ability to feel pressure on your arm. c. Ability to hear a softly ticking clock. d. Ability to calculate where a kicked soccer ball will land from the moment it leaves your foot. e. Awareness of the position of your arms when swimming the backstroke.
Verified answer
psychology
Which social psychology principle influences people to perform a task better in the presence of others? a. Compliance. b. Group polarization. c. Social facilitation. d. Conformity. e. Social loafing.
Verified answer
psychology
Which of the following best identifies any stress-related physical illness, such as hypertension and some headaches ? \ \ a. Bacterial infection. \ b. Psychoneuroimmunology. \ c. Allergic reaction. \ d. Psychophysiological illness. \ e. Viral infection.
Verified answer
psychology
Recurring problems in falling asleep or staying asleep are characteristic of which sleep disorder? a. Sleep apnea. b. Narcolepsy. c. Insomnia. d. Sleep talking. e. Sleepwalking.
Verified answer
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