What are the enduring characteristics with which each person is born with?
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According to Freud, this is the first stage, occuring in the first ear of life, in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict. It is called the ____________ ____________. Show Unconscious--level in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other info are kept that are not easliy or voluntarily brought into consciousness (dreams/Freudian slips) TermId (Freud's Theory: Parts of our Personality) Definitionpart of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious.Term Definition the instinctual energy that may come into conflict with the demands of a society's standards for behaviorTerm Definition principle by which the id functions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regards for consequences.Term Ego (Freud's Theory: Parts of our Personality) Definitionpart of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logicalTerm Definition principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result.Term Superego (Freud's Theory: Parts of our Personality) Definitionpart of personality that acts as a moral center.Term Definition part of the superego that contains the standards for moral behavior TermDefinition part of superego that produces pride or guilt, depending on how well behavior matches or does not match the ego ideal TermPsychological Defense Mechanisms (Defense Mechanisms) Definitionunconscious distortions of a person's perception of reality that reduce stress and anxietyTerm Denial (Defense Mechanisms) Definitionthe person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situationTerm Repression (Defense Mechanisms) the person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event, instead pushing those events into the unconscious mind.Term Rationalization (defense mechanisms) Definitiona person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior.Term Projection (defense mechanisms) Definitionunacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else, usually the target of the impulses or feelingsTerm Reaction formation (defense mechanisms) Definitiona person forms an opposite emotional or behavioral reaction to the way he or she really feels to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others.Term Displacement (defense mechanisms) Definitionredirecting feelings from a threatening target to a less threatening oneTerm Regression (defense mechanisms) Definitiona person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situationsTerm Identification (defense mechanisms) Definitiona person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxietyTerm Compensation (substitution) (defense mechanisms) Definitiona person makes up for inferiorities in one area by becoming superior in another areaTerm Sublimation (defense mechanisms) Definitionchanneling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behaviorTerm Fixation (Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development) disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stageTerm Psychosexual Stages (Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development) Definitionfive stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child.Term Oral Stage (Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development) Definitionfirst stage occurring in the first year of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict. Id dominated.Term Anal Stage (Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development) Definitionsecond stage occurring from about 1 to 3 years of age, in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict. Ego develops.Term Anal expulsive personalityDefinition a person fixated in the anal stage who is messy, destructive, and hostile.Term Anal retentive personalityDefinition a person fixated in the anal stage who is neat, fussy, stingy, and stubbornTerm Phallic Stage (Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development) Definitionthird stage occurring from about 3 to 6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings. Superego develops.Term Definition situation occurring in the phallic stage in which a child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent.Term Definition defense mechanism in which a person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety.Term Latency (Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development) Definitionfourth stage occurring during the school years, in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways.Term Genital (Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development) Definitionsexual feelings reawaken with appropriate targets (puberty)Term Definition Freud's term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it.Term Definition followers of Freud who developed their own competing theories of psychoanalysis.Term Definition developed a theory of a collective unconscious.
Definition proposed feelings of inferiority as the driving force behind personality and developed birth order theory.Term Definition developed a theory based on basic anxiety and rejected the concept of penis envy.
Definition developed a theory based on social rather than sexual relationships, covering the entire life span.Term Current research has found support for:Definition
Behaviorists define personality as...Definition ...a set of learned responses or habitsTerm Definition in behaviorism, sets of well-learned responses that have become automaticTerm Social cognitive learning theoristsDefinition theorists who emphasize the importance of both the influences of other people's behavior and of a person's own expectancies of learning.Term Definition learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory, and imitation of modelsTerm Definition Bandura's explanation of how the factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior.Term Definition individual's perception of how effective a behavior will be in any particular circumstance (NOT the same as self-esteem)Term Definition the "third force" in psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice.Term Humanistic Theories of PersonalityDefinition developed as a reaction against the negativity of psychoanalysis and the deterministic nature of behaviorism.Term Self-actualizing tendency (Roger's Theory of Personality) Definitionthe striving to fulfill one's innate capacities and capabilities.Term Self-concept (Roger's Theory of Personality) the image of oneself that develops from interactions with important, significant people in one's life.Term Self (Roger's Theory of Personality) Definitionarchetype that works with the ego to manage other archetypes and balance the personalityTerm Real Self (Roger's Theory of Personality) Definitionone's perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilitiesTerm Ideal Self (Roger's Theory of Personality) Definitionone's perception of whom one should be or would like to be.Term Positive Regard (Roger's Theory of Personality) Definitionwarmth, affection, love, and respect that come from significant others in one's lifeTerm Unconditional positive regard (Roger's Theory of Personality) Definitionpositive regard that is given without conditions or strings attatched.Term Conditional positive regard (Roger's Theory of Personality) Definitionpositive regard that is given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish.Term Fully functioning person (Roger's Theory of Personality) Definitiona person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges and feelings.Term Definition theories that endeavor to describe the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior.Term Definition a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving.Term Definition first developed a list of about 200 traits and believed that these traits were part of the nervous systemTerm Definition reduced the number of traits to between 16 and 23 with a computer method called factor analysis.Term Definition aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person.Term Definition the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality.Term Five-factor model (Big Five)Definition model of personality traits that describes five basic trait dimensions. OCEAN TermDefinition Openness-willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences Conscientiousness-the care a person gives to organization and thoughfulness of others; dependability. Extraversion-dimension of personality referring to one's need to be with other people. Agreeableness-the emotional style of a person that may range from easygoing; friendly, and likeable to grumpy, crabby, and unpleasant. Is the biologically innate and enduring characteristics with which each person is born?Do not confuse Personality with character, which refers to value judgments made about a person's morals or ethical behavior; nor with temperament, the biologically innate and enduring characteristics with which each person is born, such as irritability or adaptability.
Are enduring characteristics of our personality?Personalities are characterized in terms of traits, which are relatively enduring characteristics that influence our behaviour across many situations. Personality traits such as introversion, friendliness, conscientiousness, honesty, and helpfulness are important because they help explain consistencies in behaviour.
What refers to the pattern of enduring characteristics?"personality" the pattern of enduring characteristics that produce consistency and individuality in a given person.
Which theory views personality as stable and enduring characteristics?Trait theory in psychology rests on the idea that people differ from one another based on the strength and intensity of basic trait dimensions. There are three criteria that characterize personality traits: (1) consistency, (2) stability, and (3) individual differences.
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