According to Freud, this is the first stage, occuring in the first ear of life, in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict. It is called the ____________ ____________.
Unconscious--level in which thoughts, feelings, memories, and other info are kept that are not easliy or voluntarily brought into consciousness [dreams/Freudian slips]
TermId
[Freud's Theory: Parts of our Personality]
Definitionpart of the personality present at birth and completely unconscious.Term
Definition
the instinctual energy that may come into conflict with the demands of a society's standards for behaviorTerm
Definition
principle by which the id functions; the immediate satisfaction of needs without regards for consequences.Term
Ego
[Freud's Theory: Parts of our Personality]
Definitionpart of the personality that develops out of a need to deal with reality, mostly conscious, rational, and logicalTerm
Definition
principle by which the ego functions; the satisfaction of the demands of the id only when negative consequences will not result.Term
Superego
[Freud's Theory: Parts of our Personality]
Definitionpart of personality that acts as a moral center.Term
Definition
part of the superego that contains the standards for moral behavior
TermDefinition
part of superego that produces pride or guilt,
depending on how well behavior matches or
does not match the ego ideal
TermPsychological Defense Mechanisms
[Defense Mechanisms]
Definitionunconscious distortions of a person's perception of reality that reduce stress and anxietyTerm
Denial
[Defense Mechanisms]
Definitionthe person refuses to acknowledge or recognize a threatening situationTerm
Repression
[Defense Mechanisms]
the person refuses to consciously remember a threatening or unacceptable event, instead pushing those events into the unconscious mind.Term
Rationalization
[defense mechanisms]
Definitiona person invents acceptable excuses for unacceptable behavior.Term
Projection
[defense mechanisms]
Definitionunacceptable or threatening impulses or feelings are seen as originating with someone else, usually the target of the impulses or feelingsTerm
Reaction formation
[defense mechanisms]
Definitiona person forms an opposite emotional or behavioral reaction to the way he or she really feels to keep those true feelings hidden from self and others.Term
Displacement
[defense mechanisms]
Definitionredirecting feelings from a threatening target to a less threatening oneTerm
Regression
[defense mechanisms]
Definitiona person falls back on childlike patterns of responding in reaction to stressful situationsTerm
Identification
[defense mechanisms]
Definitiona person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxietyTerm
Compensation [substitution]
[defense mechanisms]
Definitiona person makes up for inferiorities in one area by becoming superior in another areaTerm
Sublimation
[defense mechanisms]
Definitionchanneling socially unacceptable impulses and urges into socially acceptable behaviorTerm
Fixation
[Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development]
disorder in which the person does not fully resolve the conflict in a particular psychosexual stage, resulting in personality traits and behavior associated with that earlier stageTerm
Psychosexual Stages
[Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development]
Definitionfive stages of personality development proposed by Freud and tied to the sexual development of the child.Term
Oral Stage
[Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development]
Definitionfirst stage occurring in the first year of life in which the mouth is the erogenous zone and weaning is the primary conflict. Id dominated.Term
Anal Stage
[Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development]
Definitionsecond stage occurring from about 1 to 3 years of age, in which the anus is the erogenous zone and toilet training is the source of conflict. Ego develops.Term
Anal expulsive personalityDefinition
a person fixated in the anal stage who is messy, destructive, and hostile.Term
Anal retentive personalityDefinition
a person fixated in the anal stage who is neat, fussy, stingy, and stubbornTerm
Phallic Stage
[Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development]
Definitionthird stage occurring from about 3 to 6 years of age, in which the child discovers sexual feelings. Superego develops.Term
Definition
situation occurring in the phallic stage in which a child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent and jealousy of the same-sex parent.Term
Definition
defense mechanism in which a person tries to become like someone else to deal with anxiety.Term
Latency
[Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development]
Definitionfourth stage occurring during the school years, in which the sexual feelings of the child are repressed while the child develops in other ways.Term
Genital
[Freud's Theory: Stages of Personality Development]
Definitionsexual feelings reawaken with appropriate targets [puberty]Term
Definition
Freud's term for both the theory of personality and the therapy based on it.Term
Definition
followers of Freud who developed their own competing theories of psychoanalysis.Term
Definition
developed a theory of a collective unconscious.
- Personal unconscious—Jung’s name for the unconscious mind as described by Freud
- Collective unconscious—Jung’s name for the memories shared by all members of the human species.
- Archetypes—Jung’s collective, universal human memories.
Definition
proposed feelings of inferiority as the driving force behind personality and developed birth order theory.Term
Definition
developed a theory based on basic anxiety and rejected the concept of penis envy.
- Basic anxiety-anxiety created when a child is born into the bigger and more powerful world of older children and adults
- Neurotic personalities-maladaptive ways of dealing with relationships in Horney's theory
Definition
developed a theory based on social rather than sexual relationships, covering the entire life span.Term
Current research has found support for:Definition
- Defense mechanisms
- Concept of an unconscious mind that can influence conscious behavior
- Othe concepts cannot be scientifically tested
Behaviorists define personality as...Definition
...a set of learned responses or habitsTerm
Definition
in behaviorism, sets of well-learned responses that have become automaticTerm
Social cognitive learning theoristsDefinition
theorists who emphasize the importance of both the influences of other people's behavior and of a person's own expectancies of learning.Term
Definition
learning theory that includes cognitive processes such as anticipating, judging, memory, and imitation of modelsTerm
Definition
Bandura's explanation of how the factors of environment, personal characteristics, and behavior can interact to determine future behavior.Term
Definition
individual's perception of how effective a behavior will be in any particular circumstance [NOT the same as self-esteem]Term
Definition
the "third force" in psychology that focuses on those aspects of personality that make people uniquely human, such as subjective feelings and freedom of choice.Term
Humanistic Theories of PersonalityDefinition
developed as a reaction against the negativity of psychoanalysis and the deterministic nature of behaviorism.Term
Self-actualizing tendency
[Roger's Theory of Personality]
Definitionthe striving to fulfill one's innate capacities and capabilities.Term
Self-concept
[Roger's Theory of Personality]
the image of oneself that develops from interactions with important, significant people in one's life.Term
Self
[Roger's Theory of Personality]
Definitionarchetype that works with the ego to manage other archetypes and balance the personalityTerm
Real Self
[Roger's Theory of Personality]
Definitionone's perception of actual characteristics, traits, and abilitiesTerm
Ideal Self
[Roger's Theory of Personality]
Definitionone's perception of whom one should be or would like to be.Term
Positive Regard
[Roger's Theory of Personality]
Definitionwarmth, affection, love, and respect that come from significant others in one's lifeTerm
Unconditional positive regard
[Roger's Theory of Personality]
Definitionpositive regard that is given without conditions or strings attatched.Term
Conditional positive regard
[Roger's Theory of Personality]
Definitionpositive regard that is given only when the person is doing what the providers of positive regard wish.Term
Fully functioning person
[Roger's Theory of Personality]
Definitiona person who is in touch with and trusting of the deepest, innermost urges and feelings.Term
Definition
theories that endeavor to describe the characteristics that make up human personality in an effort to predict future behavior.Term
Definition
a consistent, enduring way of thinking, feeling, or behaving.Term
Definition
first developed a list of about 200 traits and believed that these traits were part of the nervous systemTerm
Definition
reduced the number of traits to between 16 and 23 with a computer method called factor analysis.Term
Definition
aspects of personality that can easily be seen by other people in the outward actions of a person.Term
Definition
the more basic traits that underlie the surface traits, forming the core of personality.Term
Five-factor model [Big Five]Definition
model of personality traits that describes five basic trait dimensions.
OCEAN
TermDefinition
Openness-willingness to try new things and be open to new experiences
Conscientiousness-the care a person gives to organization and thoughfulness of others; dependability.
Extraversion-dimension of personality referring to one's need to be with other people.
Agreeableness-the emotional style of a person that may range from easygoing; friendly, and likeable to grumpy, crabby, and unpleasant.