Which of the following groups would be best served by the development of a scientific base for nursing practice group of answer choices?
This guidance summarises what an under-served group is, a roadmap suggesting intervention points to improve inclusion, examples of under-served groups and barriers to inclusion. It then provides a suggested framework of questions to guide the deliberations of funders, researchers and delivery teams as they design and assess health and care research proposals, and ends with examples of good practice and other resources to guide teams seeking to engage with, and improve inclusion of, under-served groups in health and care research. Show
What is an under-served group?The NIHR-INCLUDE project identified the term ‘under-served’ by diverse stakeholders including patients and the public as the most appropriate term through a consensus workshop. The term has subsequently been adopted by the NIHR and more widely. The term reflects the perspective that the research community needs to provide a better service for people in these groups – the lack of inclusion is not due to any fault of the members of these groups. The term ‘under-served’ reminds us of this perspective in a way that alternative terms such as ‘underrepresented’ do not. The work of the NIHR-INCLUDE project shows that there is no single definition for an under-served group. Some key characteristics that are common to several under-served groups are:
The key idea here is that the definition of ‘under-served’ is highly context-specific; it will depend on the population, the condition under study, the question being asked by research teams, and the intervention being tested. No single, simple definition can encompass all under-served groups. Why is it important to include under-served groups in clinical research?There are several reasons why it is important to ensure that under-served groups are included in health and care research.
Finally, the principle of ‘no decision about me, without me’ provides the moral justification for ensuring that under-served groups are included in research. The evidence base necessary for decision making by clinicians and patients must be one generated by the participation of a broad range of groups in the research underpinning that evidence base. The INCLUDE roadmapImage - text description: The above road-map diagram lists the stakeholders involved in or affected by outputs from the INCLUDE programme: Patients, public, funders, clinicians, researchers, regulators, industry, policymakers. It also describes the potential points of intervention/processes, in sequential order: Research priority setting; Funding bodies Strategic priority; Research investigator questions; Initial study design/funding; Final study design; Dynamic study delivery; Study closure report; Impact dissemination and engagement. These represent key points for considering inclusion of under-served groups over the life course of the study. Processes are embedded in the context of ethics and regulatory requirements and evolving digital technology developments. The NIHR-INCLUDE roadmap gives a strategic level overview of potential points for intervention to improve inclusion of under-served groups across the lifecourse of research. Some points are addressable at the level of individual communities or projects; others require action at national or supra-national level to provide appropriate regulatory, funding, governance and support environments. Examples of under-served groupsA key finding from our work is that the definition of ‘under-served’ is often very context and study specific. An under-served group for one disease or type of study may be the opposite to that of another. The following are presented as examples which were derived from surveys, stakeholder group discussion and the literature review used in the NIHR-INCLUDE project. The list should not be viewed as exhaustive, but serves to provide examples of groups that may be under-served either in specific contexts or more generally across the research landscape. Groups by Demographic Factors (Age, Sex, Ethnicity, Education)
Groups by Social and Economic Factors
Groups by Health Status
Groups by Disease Specific Factors
Example barriers to inclusion of under-served groupsThe following are examples derived from surveys, stakeholder group discussion and the literature review used in the NIHR-INCLUDE project. Again, this list is not exhaustive, but serves to give a general idea of the categories of barriers encountered. Individual projects, communities and disease areas will have specific barriers which it is important to identify when tailoring solutions for inclusion of under-served groups in a context-specific way.
Questions to guide research teams in designing inclusive research
Questions to guide funders and reviewers in assessing inclusiveness of research
Questions to guide delivery teams in considering how to improve inclusion of under-served groups:
Find out moreTo view a selection of tools and resources to help deliver inclusive research, as well as examples of good practice, please head to the NIHR-INCLUDE webpage. NIHR-INCLUDE Ethnicity FrameworkThe NIHR-INCLUDE Ethnicity Framework is a tool that helps trial teams think carefully about which ethnic groups should be included in their trial, and what challenges there may be to making this possible. The site also has some examples of how to use the Framework along with other resources linked to involving different ethnic groups in trials. Journal articlesFrom BMJ Open:
"Ensuring that COVID-19 research is inclusive: guidance from the NIHR-INCLUDE project" CitationsFor the NIHR-INCLUDE Guidance (General):To cite this report: NIHR (2020) Improving inclusion of under-served groups in clinical research: Guidance from the NIHR-INCLUDE project. UK: NIHR. Available at: www.nihr.ac.uk/documents/improving-inclusion-of-under-served-groups-in-clinical-research-guidance-from-include-project/25435 (date link accessed) For the NIHR-INCLUDE Guidance (COVID-19 specific):To cite this report: NIHR (2020) Ensuring that COVID-19 Research is Inclusive: Guidance from the NIHR CRN NIHR-INCLUDE project. UK: NIHR. Available at: www.nihr.ac.uk/documents/ensuring-that-covid-19-research-is-inclusive-guidance-from-the-nihr-crn-include-project/25441 (date link accessed) Which is the most important goal for establishing nursing as a profession?An especially important goal for the nursing profession is to do which of the following? Nurses are increasingly expected to understand and undertake research and to base their practice on evidence from research.
Which attribute is a characteristic of the traditional scientific method quizlet?What attributes are the most and least characteristic of traditional scientific method? Investigators progress through a series of steps, according to a prespecified plan. evidence that is rooted in objective reality and gathered directly or indirectly through the senses rather than through personal beliefs or hunches.
Which of the following best defines evidenceWhich of the following is the best definition of evidence-based practice (EBP)? Use of theory-derived, research-based information in making decisions about health care delivery, with consideration of individual needs and preferences and the clinical expertise of the provider.
Which goal is the highest priority for research in the nursing profession?What is the highest priority for the importance of research in the nursing profession? -Research findings provide evidence for informing nurses' decisions and actions. -Conduct research to better understand the context of nursing practice.
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