According to the text, reasons victims give for not reporting a crime to the police include
What Is a Hate Crime?Hate crimes and hate incidents are major issues for all police because of their unique impact on victims as well as the community. This guidebook will explain the differences between hate crimes and hate incidents and how to respond to both. Show
A hate crime is a criminal offense committed against persons, property or society that is motivated, in whole or in part, by an offender's bias against an individual's or a group's race, religion, ethnic/national origin, gender, age, disability or sexual orientation. (Definition developed at the 1998 IACP Summit on Hate Crime in America.) Legal definitions of hate crimes vary. The federal definition of hate crimes addresses civil rights violations under 18 U.S.C. Section 245. As of 1999, 41 states and the District of Columbia have hate crime statutes that provide enhanced penalties for crimes in which victims are selected because of a perpetrator's bias against a victim's perceived race, religion or ethnicity. Many states also classify as hate crimes those in which a victim is selected based on a perception of his/her sexual orientation. Hate crime definitions often encompass not only violence against individuals or groups but also crimes against property, such as arson or vandalism, particularly those directed against community centers or houses of worship. Check your state statutes for the definition of hate crime in your jurisdiction. Accurate and comprehensive police reporting is essential to understanding the prevalence and patterns of hate crimes both locally and nationally. The federal Hate Crimes Statistics Act of 1990 (Public Law 102-275 April 23, 1990) encourages states to report hate crime data to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). Twenty-three states and the District of Columbia require the collection of hate crime data. In 1997, 11,211 state and local law enforcement agencies voluntarily reported 9,861 hate crime offenses to the FBI. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO RESPOND TO HATE CRIMES QUICKLY AND EFFECTIVELY?Hate crimes differ from other crimes in their effect on victims and on community stability:
A swift and strong response by law enforcement can help stabilize and calm the community as well as aid in a victim's recovery. Failure to respond to hate crimes within departmental guidelines may jeopardize public safety and leave officers and departments open to increased scrutiny and possible liability. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A HATE INCIDENT AND A HATE CRIME?Hate incidents involve behaviors that, though motivated by bias against a victim's race, religion, ethnic/national origin, gender, age, disability or sexual orientation, are not criminal acts. Hostile or hateful speech, or other disrespectful/discriminatory behavior may be motivated by bias but is not illegal. They become crimes only when they directly incite perpetrators to commit violence against persons or property, or if they place a potential victim in reasonable fear of physical injury. Officers should thoroughly document evidence in all bias-motivated incidents. Law enforcement can help to defuse potentially dangerous situations and prevent bias-motivated criminal behavior by responding to and documenting bias-motivated speech or behavior even if it does not rise to the level of a criminal offense. What Is an Effective Police Response to Hate Crimes?Police officers and investigators have important roles to play in responding to hate incidents and crimes. By doing the job efficiently and carefully, police can reinforce the message that hate crimes will be investigated aggressively, thus enhancing the likelihood of a successful prosecution. POLICE OFFICERS ARRIVING ON THE SCENE SHOULD ACT IMMEDIATELY TO
Note: In the presence of the victim, the officer should neither confirm nor deny that the incident is a hate crime--that determination will be made later in the investigative process. After taking immediate action, police officers should
When conducting a thorough follow-up investigation, officers should
What Are the Key Indicators that a Hate Crime May Have Been Committed?The main difference between a hate crime and other crimes is that a perpetrator of a hate crime is motivated by bias. To evaluate a perpetrator's motives, you should consider several bias indicators:
The presence of any of these factors does not confirm that the incident was a hate offense but may indicate the need for further investigation into motive. A victim's perception is an important factor to consider, but be aware that victims may not recognize the crime as motivated by bias. Victims should not be asked directly whether they believe they were the victim of a hate crime, but it is appropriate to ask if they have any idea why they might have been victimized. Victims and perpetrators may appear to be from the same race, ethnicity/nationality, or religion, but it is the perpetrator's perception of difference (whether accurate or not) motivating his or her criminal behavior that would constitute a hate crime. What Are the Best Approaches for Working with Victims of Hate Crime?Hate crimes are unique. Victims of hate crimes are targeted because of a core characteristic of their identity. These attributes cannot be changed. Victims often feel degraded, frightened, vulnerable and suspicious. This may be one of the most traumatic experiences of the lives. Community members who share with victims the characteristics that made them targets of hate (race, religion, ethnic/national origin, gender, age, disability or sexual orientation) may also feel vulnerable, fearful and powerless. In this emotional atmosphere, law enforcement officers and investigators must attend carefully to the ways they interact and communicate with victims, their families and members of the community. EFFECTIVE WAYS FOR POLICE TO SUPPORT VICTIMS WHILE INVESTIGATING THE CRIME
AVOID:
REASONS WHY VICTIMS MAY BE RELUCTANT TO REPORT OR PARTICIPATE IN THE INVESTIGATION OF A HATE CRIME:
What Is the Ongoing Role the Police Play with Hate Crime Victims and the Community?By providing a continuing point of contact throughout the investigation and prosecution phase, police can facilitate a victim's cooperation with the justice system, assist with the healing process and promote law enforcement's credibility. In the following ways, officers and their departments can support hate crime victims and members of the community:
Police Officers and Their Agencies Can Assume a Leadership Role in Their Community to Prevent Hate Incidents and Crimes Police officers can ...
Police agencies can ...
Police officers and their agencies can accomplish much by working in partnership with citizens to implement the American vision of diverse and tolerant communities that offer freedom, safety and dignity for all. This project was supported by a grant award #1999-DD-BX-0071 from the Bureau of Justice Assistance and the Office for Victims of Crime; Office of Justice Programs; U.S. Department of Justice, to the International Association of Chiefs of Police. What is one reason that it is hard to evaluate community policing quizlet?why is it difficult to assess community policing? police go door-to-door; introduce themselves and attempt to provide and obtain info. relies upon citizen volunteers who observe an area for potential problems and reports problems to police.
Which of the following associations is part of the community policing Consortium quizlet?The Community Policing Consortium (CPC) is a partnership of five of the leading police organizations in the United States, representing the leadership of law enforcement: (1) International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP); (2) National Organization of Black Law Enforcement Executives (NOBLE) ; (3) National ...
What is the SARA model of policing?The preeminent conceptual model of problem solving, known as SARA, grew out of the problem-oriented policing project in Newport News. The acronym SARA stands for scanning, analysis, response, and assessment. This model has become the basis for many police agencies' training curricula and problem-solving efforts.
What is problemProblem-oriented policing (POP) means diagnosing and solving problems that are increasing crime risks, usually in areas that are seeing comparatively high levels of crime (e.g., “hot spots”).
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