Differentiate between psychoanalytic approach and cognitive approach to abnormal psychology
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Psychologists generally draw on one or more theories of psychotherapy. A theory of psychotherapy acts as a roadmap for psychologists: It guides them through the process of understanding clients and their problems and developing solutions. Approaches to psychotherapy fall into five broad categories:
Adapted from the Encyclopedia of Psychology Date created: 2009 Comparing Developmental Theories In psychoanalytic theories early childhood experiences, especially the influences of close relationships such as family and caretakers, contribute in large part to development of the individual (Corey, 2009). In psychoanalytic theory, the unconscious is at least as influential in development as is the conscious, more accessible part of the mind (Santrock, 2008). Both Freud and Erikson perceived development through stages, although Freud saw them as related to deep sexual thoughts and experiences, whereas Erikson perceived them as related to socialization (Corey, 2009). Freud's theory derived from his idea that eroticism was an influential part of development, whereas Erikson as well as cognitive and ethological theories did not account for such sexual experiences in development (Santrock, 2008). Cognitive Theory Cognitive theory emphasizes thought processes, reasoning, and language as the most contributory aspect of development (Santrock, 2008). Like cognitive theory, both Freud and Erikson theories described stages primarily driven by thought processes, but cognitive theory's focus is on the more overt cognitive processes and their changes during development. Whereas cognitive theory emphasizes individual active cognitive construction in the present, Freud's theory determines that individuals construct the present consciously and unconsciously as a result of past experience. Cognitive theory focuses on the active processes of thinking and the construction of understanding, whereas psychoanalytic theory perceives thought processes as under the influence of past experiences and unconscious directives (Corey, 2009). Cognitive theories address life changes through new and better organized ways of perceiving experiences, whereas psychoanalytic theory attempts to ameliorate distress by bringing subconscious directives into the conscious mind for processing. Erikson's theory agreed with the cognitive perspective that determined people have the ability to change throughout the lifespan, whereas Freud had a deterministic perspective of change (Berger, 2008). Ethological
Theory Psychoanalytic Theory through a Constructive Developmental Lens Kegan (1980) described constructive developmental theory as "the study of the development of our construing or meaning-making activity" (p. 373). It explains the evolving human capacity of some individuals ability to perceive reality other than the way they have traditionally perceived it. Intersecting the psychoanalytic perspective with constructive developmental theory, individuals are able to transcend their traditional perceptive lens that is created early in life. Some individuals are able to function from a new consciousness and circumvent personal perspectives, in effect, "transforming our epistemologies, liberating ourselves from that in which we are embedded" (Kegan, 1994, p. 34). Most people see life as they are, rather than how it is; however, some learn to see life without perceiving it through a lens tainted by personal affect. They become the authors of their lives. Conclusion Perhaps the next frontier in human development is determining why some individuals have the ability to make the leap in consciousness and grasp the deeper aspects of the human capacity to apply chosen meaning to one's environment or to apply none. There are tremendous implications to realizing this consciousness. If meaning is a contrived product of perception, grave responsibility lies with those who understand and can implement the authorship described in constructive developmentalism. References Berger, K. S. (2008). The developing person through the life span (7th ed.). New York: Worth Publishers. Corey, G. (2009). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy (8th ed.). Belmont, CA: Thompson Brooks/Cole. Kegan, R. (1980). Making Meaning: The Constructive-Developmental Approach to Persons and Practice. Personnel & Guidance Journal, 58(5), 373-379. Kegan, R. (1995). In over our heads: The mental demands of modern life. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Laureate Education, Inc. (Producer). (n. d.). Constructive Developmental Theory [Streaming Video]. Baltimore: Author. Santrock, J. W. (2011). A topical approach to life-span development (3rd ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. What is the difference between psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive behavior therapy?Psychodynamic therapy is talk therapy that has a focus on the unconscious mind and emotions, and considers past experiences. CBT is therapy that works on the thinking and behavior patterns that a person has.
What are two differences between the cognitive and psychodynamic approaches to psychology?Cognitive behavioural therapy sees the process of change as being a relatively short-term process whereas psychodynamic therapy is a long term process of change. The aim of psychodynamic therapy is for the client to gain insight and the aim of cognitive behavioural therapy is change.
What is the difference between psychoanalytic and cognitive theory?Cognitive theory focuses on the active processes of thinking and the construction of understanding, whereas psychoanalytic theory perceives thought processes as under the influence of past experiences and unconscious directives (Corey, 2009).
What are two differences between the cognitive and psychodynamic approaches to psychology quizlet?> Cognitive approach looks at people as conscious logical thinkers, where as the psychodynamic approach focuses on unconscious thoughts. > Cognitive approach looks at information processing and has little focus on emotions. Where as psychodynamic focus on emotional life and childhood experiences.
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