So sánh mali t830 và t860

Ngày hôm qua, ARM đã chính thức hâm nóng cuộc đua công nghệ giữa các nhà sản xuất chip trong năm 2015 với việc tung ra bộ sản phẩm mới. Lẽ thông thường thì khi mà các nhà sản xuất chip như ARM giới thiệu một sản phẩm mới, nó sẽ có ảnh hưởng không nhỏ đến thị trường công nghệ, và lần này cũng không phải ngoại lệ. ARM đã giới thiệu đến công chúng một chip xử lý cho di động mới, một giao thức kết nối CPU mới và một bộ xử lí đồ hoạ mới. Vậy chúng là gì?

CPU Cortex-A72 mới

Được quảng cáo là "CPU mạnh mẽ nhất dành cho các nhà sản xuất SoC [System on a chip] hiện nay, Cortex-A72 có hiệu năng tốt hơn 3,5 lần so với Cortex-A15 trong khi tiêu thụ điện năng ít hơn 75%. Mục tiêu của ARM khi tạo ra A72 là đạt được hiệu suất gấp 1,9 lần hiệu suất của các SoC 20nm A57 hiện nay, mà cũng có nghĩa là nó lấy Exynos 5433 và Snapdragon 810 ra làm đối thủ để so sánh.

Với sức mạnh đồ hoạ mãnh mẽ, Cortex-A72 có đủ khả năng để hỗ trợ thiết bị quay các đoạn phim chất lượng 4K với tốc độ 120 fps [các thiết bị hỗ trợ quay phim 4K hiện nay chỉ có thể đạt đến 30 fps]. Vậy nên điều chúng ta nhận ra ngay lúc này chính là các thiết bị di động sẽ sớm được "nâng tầm sức mạnh" rất sớm, giúp các trải nghiệm của người dùng ngày một hoàn hảo hơn.

Hiện nay, HiSilicon, MediaTek and Rockchip là những cái tên đối tác đã tiến hành đăng kí với ARM để có thể sản xuất con chip thế hệ mới này và đưa nó vào SoC của họ [ARM không trực tiếp sản xuất]. Điều này cho phép chúng ta hy vọng nó sẽ sớm xuất hiện trên thị trường vào giữa hoặc cuối năm nay. Thế nhưng ARM không đặt quá nhiều kỳ vọng vào việc đó. Họ cho rằng để tận dụng hết các sức mạnh của con chip này, ngành công nghiệp di động cần phát triển thêm, và có lẽ 2016 mới là năm thực sự bùng nổ của nó.

Giao thức CoreLink CCI-500

Đã 3 năm kể từ khi ARM công bố giao thức đầu tiên của họ trong việc kết nối các nhân CPU với bộ nhớ mang tên ARM CCI-400 [Cache Interconnect Coherent] - thứ được sử dụng rộng rãi trên các SoC hiện này từ Exynos 5410 đến Snapdragon 810 mới nhất. Giờ đây, họ nhận ra cần phải có một nền tảng mới để có thể đáp ứng như cầu hiện nay, và thế là CoreLink CCI-500 ra đời. Giao thức mới này được cho là có thể tăng gấp đôi băng thông của bộ nhớ, cũng như tăng hiệu năng sử dụng bộ nhớ lên đến 30% so với những gì mà CCI-400 làm được hiện nay.

Điều này cho phép các nhà sản xuất sử dụng 2 lần cổng ACE [AXI sự mạch lạc Extension], cũng như sử dụng tối đa 4 cum CPU [thay vì 2 cụm như hiện nay]. Nói một cách đơn giản hơn, với giao thức kết nối mới mà ARM vừa giới thiệu, các ứng dụng ngốn RAM trên smartphone hay tablet hiện nay sẽ mượt mà hơn, máy sẽ chạy nhanh hơn và giao diện sẽ nhạy hơn.

GPU Mali T880

Cuối cùng, ARM cũng đã giới thiệu một thành viên mới nhất trong đại gia đình T800 series của GPU Mali. Vậy là giờ đây, ngoài T820, T830 và T860, chúng ta sẽ có thêm một T880 để lựa chọn. Và vẫn như thường lệ, GPU mới của ARM luôn tỏ ra vượt trội so với đàn anh của nó khi đạt hiệu suất tăng 1,8 lần so với T760 trong năm 2014, trong khi mức tiêu thụ điện năng lại giảm đi 40%. Chắc chắn đây sẽ là một sự kết hợp hoàn hảo với kiến trúc CPU của ARM trong việc đem lại trải nghiệm 4K 120 fps cho người dùng. Chỉ có điều liệu các nhà sản xuất SoC có kết hợp chúng lại với nhau hay không mà thôi.

The Mali and Immortalis series of graphics processing units [GPUs] and multimedia processors are semiconductor intellectual property cores produced by Arm Holdings for licensing in various ASIC designs by Arm partners.

Mali GPUs were developed by Falanx Microsystems A/S, which was a spin-off of a research project from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology. Arm Holdings acquired Falanx Microsystems A/S on June 23, 2006 and renamed the company to Arm Norway.

It was originally named Malaik, but the team shortened the name to Mali, Serbo-Croatian , which was thought to be fitting for a mobile GPU.

On June 28, 2022, Arm announced their Immortalis series of GPUs with hardware-based Ray Tracing support.

GPU Architectures[edit]

Utgard[edit]

In 2005, Falanx announced their Utgard GPU Architecture, the Mali-200 GPU. Arm followed up with the Mali-300, Mali-400, Mali-450, and Mali-470. Utgard was a non-unified GPU [discrete pixel and vertex shaders].

Midgard[edit]

Midgard 1st gen[edit]

On November 10, 2010, Arm announced their Midgard 1st gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T604 and later the Mali-T658 GPU in 2011. Midgard uses a Hierarchical Tiling system.

Midgard 2nd gen[edit]

On August 6, 2012, Arm announced their Midgard 2nd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T678 GPU. Midgard 2nd gen introduced Forward Pixel Kill.

Midgard 3rd gen[edit]

On October 29, 2013, Arm announced their Midgard 3rd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T760 GPU.

Midgard 4th gen[edit]

On October 27, 2014, Arm announced their Midgard 4th gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-T860, Mali-T830, Mali-T820. Their flagship Mali-T880 GPU was announced on February 3, 2015. New microarchitectural features include:

• Up to 16 cores for the Mali-T880, with 256KB – 2MB L2 cache

Bifrost[edit]

Bifrost 1st Gen[edit]

On May 27, 2016, Arm announced their Bifrost GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G71 GPU. New microarchitectural features include:

• Unified shaders with quad vectorization
• Scalar ISA
• Clauses execution
• Full cache coherency
• Up to 32 cores for the Mali-G71, with 128KB – 2MB L2 cache
• Arm claim the Mali-G71 has 40% more performance density and 20% better energy efficiency than the Mali-T880

Bifrost 2nd gen[edit]

On May 29, 2017, Arm announced their Bifrost 2nd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G72 GPU. New microarchitectural features include:

• Arithmetic optimizations and increased caches
• Up to 32 cores for the Mali-G72, with 128KB – 2MB L2 cache
• Arm claim the Mali-G72 has 20% more performance density and 25% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G71

Bifrost 3rd Gen[edit]

On May 31, 2018, Arm announced their Bifrost 4rd gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G76 GPU. New microarchitectural features include:

• 8 execution lanes per engine [up from 4]. Doubled pixel and texel throughput
• Up to 20 cores for the Mali-G76, with 512KB – 4MB L2 cache
• Arm claim the Mali-G76 has 30% more performance density and 30% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G72

Valhall[edit]

Valhall 1st Gen[edit]

On May 27, 2019, Arm announced their Valhall GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G77 GPU, and in October Mali-G57 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include:

• New superscalar engine
• Simplified scalar ISA
• New dynamic scheduling
• Up to 16 cores for the Mali-G77, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
• Arm claim the Mali-G77 has 30% more performance density and 30% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G76

Valhall 2nd Gen[edit]

On May 26, 2020, Arm announced their Valhall 2nd Gen GPU Architecture, including the Mali-G78. New microarchitectural features include:

• Asynchronous clock domains
• New FMA units and increase Tiler throughput
• Up to 24 cores for the Mali-G78, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
• Arm Frame Buffer Compression [AFBC]
• Arm claim the Mali-G78 has 15% more performance density and 10% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G77

Valhall 3rd Gen[edit]

On May 25, 2021, Arm announced their Valhall 3rd Gen GPU Architecture [as part of TCS21], including the Mali-G710, Mali-G510, and Mali-G310 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include:

• Larger shader cores [2x compared to Valhall 2nd Gen]
• New GPU frontend, Command Stream Frontend [CSF] replaces the Job Manager
• Up to 16 cores for the Mali-G710, with 512KB – 2MB L2 cache
• Arm claim the Mali-G710 has 20% more performance density and 20% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G78

Valhall 4th Gen[edit]

On June 28, 2022, Arm announced their Valhall 4th Gen GPU Architecture [as part of TCS22], including the Immortalis-G715, Mali-G715, and Mali-G615 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include:

• Ray Tracing support [hardware-based]
• Variable Rate Shading
• New Execution Engine, with doubled the FMA block, Matrix Multiply instruction support, and PPA improvements
• Arm Fixed Rate Compression [AFRC]
• Arm claim the Immortalis-G715 has 15% more performance & 15% better energy efficiency than the Mali-G710

5th Gen[edit]

On May 29, 2023, Arm announced their 5th Gen Arm GPU Architecture [as part of TCS23], including the Immortalis-G720, Mali-G720 and Mali-G620 GPUs. New microarchitectural features include:

• Deferred vertex shading [DVS] pipeline
• Arm claim the Immortalis-G720 has 15% more performance and uses up to 40% less memory bandwidth than the Immortalis-G715

Technical details[edit]

Like other embedded IP cores for 3D rendering acceleration, the Mali GPU does not include display controllers driving monitors, in contrast to common desktop video cards. Instead, the Mali ARM core is a pure 3D engine that renders graphics into memory and passes the rendered image over to another core to handle display.

ARM does, however, license display controller SIP cores independently of the Mali 3D accelerator SIP block, e.g. Mali DP500, DP550 and DP650.

ARM also supplies tools to help in authoring OpenGL ES shaders named Mali GPU Shader Development Studio and Mali GPU User Interface Engine.

Display controllers such as the ARM HDLCD display controller are available separately.

Variants[edit]

The Mali core grew out of the cores previously produced by Falanx and currently constitute:

Model Micro- archi- tecture Type Launch date EUs/Shader core count Shading Units Total Shaders Fab [nm] Die size [mm2] Core clock rate [MHz] L2 cache size Fillrate GFLOPS [per core] GFLOPS [total] API [version] M△/s GT/s [GP/s] Vulkan OpenGL ES OpenCL Mali-55/110 ? Fixed function pipeline 2005 1 ? ? ? — 2.8 0.1 ? — 1.1 — Mali-200 Utgard Programmable pipeline 2007 1 ? ? ? — 5 ? 0.2 2.0 Mali-300 2010 1 40 28 ? 500 8 KiB 55 0.5 5 Mali-400 MP 2008 1–4 ? 200–600 8–256 KiB 55 0.5 1.2–5.4 Mali-450 MP 2012 1–8 ? 300–750 8–512 KiB 142 2.6 4.5–11.9 Mali-470 MP 2015 1–4 ? 250–650 8–256 KiB 71 0.65 8–20.8 Mali-T604 Midgard 1st gen Unified shader model +

SIMD ISA

Nov 2010 1–4 32 28 ? 533 32–256 KiB 90 0.533 17 3.1 Full Profile 1.1 Mali-T658 Nov 2011 1–8 ? ? ? ? ? Mali-T622 Midgard 2nd gen Jun 2013 1–2 32 28 ? 533 ? ? 8.5 Mali-T624 2012-08 1–4 ? 533–600 ? ? 17–19.2 Mali-T628 1–8 ? 533–695 ? ? 17–23.7 Mali-T678 1–8 28 ? ? ? ? Mali-T720 Midgard 3rd gen 2013-10 1–8 ? 400–700 650 [MP8@ 650MHz] 5.2 [MP8 @650 MHz] 6.8–11.9 Mali-T760 1–16 28 14 1.75 mm 2 per shader core at 14 nm 600–772 256–2048 KiB 1300 0.6–12.6 GTexel/s [bilinear] 10.4 17–26.2 1.0 3.2 Full Profile 1.2 Mali-T820 Midgard 4th gen Q4 2015 1–4 28 ? 600 32–256 KiB 400 ? 2.6 10.2 Mali-T830 ? 600–950 400 ? 2.6 20.4–32.3 Mali-T860 1–16 ? 350–700 256–2048 KiB 1300 ? 10.4 11.9–23.8 Mali-T880 Q2 2016 1–16 16 ? 650–1000 1700 ? 13.6 22.1–34 Mali-G31 Bifrost 1st gen Unified shader model + Unified memory +

scalar, clause-based ISA

Q1 2018 1–6 [1 EU per core] 28 12 ? 650 32kB–512kB ? 1.3 10.4 1.3 Full Profile 2.0 Mali-G51 Q4 2016 1–6 [1 uni to 3 dual] 28 16 14 12 10 ? 1000 ? 3.9 Mali-G71 Q2 2016 1–32 16 14 10 ? 546–1037 128–2048 KiB 1850 0.7–24.7

GTexel/s

[bilinear]

27.2 18.56–28.9 Mali-G52 Bifrost 2nd gen Q1 2018 1–4 [2 or 3 EU per core] 16 8 7 ? 850 32-512 KiB ? 6.8 27.2 [2 EU] & 40.8 [3 EU] @ 850 MHz Mali-G72 Q2 2017 1–32 16 12 10 1.36 mm 2 per shader core at 10 nm 572–1050 128–2048 KiB 27.2 20.55-37.72 Mali-G76 Bifrost 3rd gen Q2 2018 4–20 12 8 7 ? 600–800 512–4096 KiB ? ? 43.2–57.6 Mali-G57 Valhall 1st gen Superscalar engine + Unified memory +

simplified scalar ISA

Q2 2019 1–6 7 ? 950 64–512 KiB ? ? ? 121.6 Mali-G77 7–16 7 6 ? 695–850 512–2048 KiB ? ? ? 88.92–108.76 Mali-G68 Valhall 2nd gen Q2 2020 4–6 6 Mali-G78 7–24 5 759-848 97.15 @ 759 MHz 108.54 @ 848 MHz Mali-G310 Valhall 3rd gen Q2 2021 1 4 256–1024 KiB Mali-G510 2–6 Mali-G610 1–6 512–2048 KiB Mali-G710 7–16 64 [MP7] 448 [MP7] 650,850 900 2648 92 83.2 @ 650 MHz, 108.8 @ 850 MHz, 115.2 @ 900 MHz [MP7] 582.4 @650 MHz, 761.6 @ 850 MHz, 806.4 @ 900 MHz [MP7] Mali-G615 Valhall 4th gen Q2 2022 1–6 Mali-G715 7–9 Immortalis-G715 10–16 192 [MC11] 133.34 [MC16] 2112 [MC11] 2133.44 [MC16] 850,995, 1164.15 [MC11] 750 [MC16] 326.4 @850 MHz, 382.0 @995 MHz, 447.0 @116 4.15 MHz [MC11], 200.0 @750 MHz [MC16] 3590.4 @850 MHz, 4202.8 @995 MHz, 4917.3 @1164.15 MHz [MC11], 3200.1 @750 MHz [MC16] Mali-G620 5th Gen Deferred Vertex Shading [DVS] Q2 2023 1–5 4 256–1024 KiB Full Profile 3.0 Mali-G720 6–9 512–2048 KiB Immortalis-G720 Q4 2023 10+ 192 [MC12] 2304 [MC12] 1300 [MC12] 499.2 @ 1300 MHz [MC12] 5990.4 @ 1300 MHz [MC12] Model Micro- archi- tecture Type Launch date EUs/Shader core count Shading Units Total Shaders Fab

[nm]

Die size [mm2] Core clock rate [MHz] Max L2 cache size Fillrate [Max core count] FP32 GFLOPS [per core] GFLOPS [total] Vulkan Open GL/ES Open CL

Some microarchitectures [or just some chips?] support cache coherency for the L2 cache with the CPU.

Adaptive Scalable Texture Compression [ASTC] is supported by Mali-T620, T720/T760, T820/T830/T860/T880 and Mali-G series.

Implementations[edit]

The Mali GPU variants can be found in the following systems on chips [SoCs]:

Vendor SoC name Mali version Allwinner Allwinner A1X [A10, A10s, A13] Mali-400 MP @ 300 MHz A20, A23, A33, A64, H2, H3, H64, R8, R16, R40, R18 Mali-400 MP2 @ 350/350/350/600/600/?/?/?/?/?/? MHz H5 Mali-450 MP4 H6 Mali-T720 MP2 H313, H616, H618 Mali-G31 MP2 Amlogic 8726-M series [8726-M1, 8726-M3, 8726-M6, 8726-MX] Mali-400 MP/MP2 @ 250/400 MHz 8726-M8 series [M801, M802, S801, S802, S812] Mali-450 MP6 @ 600 MHz 8726-M8B series [M805, S805] Mali-450 MP2 @ 500 MHz S905, S905X/D/L Mali-450 MP3 @ 750 MHz S905X2, S905X3, S905Y2, S905D2 Mali-G31 MP2 S912 Mali-T820 MP3 @ 600 MHz S922X, A311D Mali-G52 MP4 T966 Mali-T830 MP2 @ 650 MHz ARM Morello Mali-G76 Asus Tinkerboard, Tinkerboard S Mali-T760 Baikal Electronics Baikal-M Mali-T628 MP8 CSR Quatro 5300 Series Mali-400 MP ELVEES Multicore 1892VM14Ya Mali-300 InfoTM iMAP×15 Mali-400 iMAP×820 Mali-400 MP2 iMAP×912 Mali-400 MP2 Google Tensor Mali-G78 MP20 Tensor G2 Mali-G710 MP7 Tensor G3 Immortalis-G715 MP10 HiSilicon Kirin 620 Mali-450 MP4 @ 533 MHz Kirin 650/655/658/659 Mali-T830 MP2 @ 900 MHz Kirin 710 Mali-G51 MP4 @ 1000 MHz Kirin 810 Mali-G52 MP6 @ 820 MHz Kirin 820 Mali-G57 MP6 @??? MHz Kirin 910/910T Mali-450 MP4 @ 533/700 MHz Kirin 920/925/928 Mali-T628 MP4 @ 600/600/? MHz Kirin 930/935 Mali-T628 MP4 @ 600/680 MHz Kirin 950/955 Mali-T880 MP4 @ 900 MHz Kirin 960 Mali-G71 MP8 @ 1037 MHz Kirin 970 Mali-G72 MP12 @ 746 MHz Kirin 980 Mali-G76 MP10 @ 720 MHz Kirin 985 Mali-G77 MP8 @??? MHz Kirin 990/990 5G Mali-G76 MP16 @ 600 MHz Kirin 9000 5G/Kirin 9000E 5G Mali-G78 MP24/22 @ 759 MHz Hi3798cv200 Mali-T720 @ 450/600 MHz Leadcore LC1810, LC1811, LC1813, LC1913 Mali-400 LC1860, LC1860C, LC1960 Mali-T628 MP2 @ 600 MHz MediaTek MSD6683 Mali-470 MP3 MT5595, MT5890 Mali-T624 MP3 MT5596, MT5891 Mali-T860 MP2 MT6571, MT6572, MT6572M Mali-400 MP1 @ ?/500/400 MHz MT6580 Mali-400 MP1 @ 500 MHz MT6582/MT6582M Mali-400 MP2 @ 500/416 MHz MT6588, MT6591, MT6592, MT6592M, MT8127 Mali-450 MP4 @ 600/700/600/600 MHz MT6735, MT6735M, MT6735P Mali-T720 MP2 @ 600/500/400 MHz MT6737, MT6737T Mali-T720 MP2 @ 550/600 MHz MT8735 Mali-T720 MP2 @ 450 MHz MT6753 Mali-T720 MP3 @ 700 MHz MT6732, MT6732M, MT6752, MT6752M Mali-T760 MP2 @ 500/500/700/700 MHz MT6750 Mali-T860 MP2 @ 520 MHz MT6755 [Helio P10/P15/P18] Mali-T860 MP2 @ 700/650/800 MHz MT6757 [Helio P20, P25] Mali-T880 MP2 @ 900 MHz/1.0 GHz MT6797 [Helio X20/X23/X25/X27] Mali-T880 MP4 @ 780/850/875 MHz MT6763T [Helio P23], MT6758 [Helio P30] Mali-G71 MP2 @ 770/950 MHz MT6771 [Helio P60, P70] Mali-G72 MP3 @ 800/900 MHz MT6768 [Helio P65], MT6769 [Helio G70/G80/G85/G88] Mali-G52 MC2 @ 820/950/1000 MHz MT6785 [Helio G90/G90T/G95] Mali-G76 MC4 @ 720/800/900 MHz MT6781 [Helio G96 , G99], MT6833 [Dimensity 700, 810, 6020] Mali-G57 MC2 @ 850/950 MHz MT6853 [Dimensity 720, 800U] Mali-G57 MC3 @ 850 MHz MT6873 [Dimensity 800] Mali-G57 MC4 @ 650 MHz MT6875 [Dimensity 820], MT6883Z [Dimensity 1000C] Mali-G57 MC5 @ 900 MHz MT6877/MT6877T [Dimensity 900/920/1080/7050] Mali-G68 MC4 @ 900 MHz MT6885Z [Dimensity 1000L] Mali-G77 MC7 @ 695 MHz MT6889 [Dimensity 1000/1000+] Mali-G77 MC9 @ 850 MHz MT6891/MT6893 [Dimensity 1100/1200/1300/8020/8050] Mali-G77 MC9 @ 850 MHz MT8192 [Kompanio 820] Mali-G57 MC5 GPU @ ??? MHz MT8195/MT8195T [Kompanio 1200/1380] Mali-G57 MC5 GPU @ ??? MHz MT8791 [Kompanio 900T] Mali-G68 MP4 GPU @ 900 MHz MT8797 [Kompanio 1300T] Mali-G77 MP9 @ 850 MHz MT6895/MT6886 [Dimensity 7200/8000/8100/8200] Mali-G610 MC6 @ ??? MHz MT6983 [Dimensity 9000/9000+] Mali-G710 MP10 @ 850 MHz MT6985 [Dimensity 9200/9200+] Immortalis-G715 MP11 @ ??? MHz NetLogic Au1380, Au1350 Mali-200 Nufront NS2816, NS2816M Mali-400 MP NS115, TL7688, TL7689 Mali-400 MP2 Realtek RTD1294, RTD1295, RTD1296 Mali-T820 MP3 RTD1395 Mali-470 Rockchip RK2818 Mali-200 RK2926, RK2628, RK3036, RK3229 Mali-400 MP @ 400/400/500/600 MHz RK3026, RK3126, RK3128 Mali-400 MP2 @ 500/600/600 MHz RK3066, RK3188, RK3188T Mali-400 MP4 @ 266/533/~400 MHz RK3288 Mali-T760 MP4 @ 600 MHz RK3326 Mali-G31 MP2 RK3328 Mali-450 MP2 RK3399 Mali-T860 MP4 @ 600 MHz RK3530, RK3566, RK3568 Mali-G52 RK3588 Mali-G610 MP4 Samsung Exynos 3 Quad [3470], Exynos 4 Dual, Quad [4210, 4212 and 4412] Mali-400 MP4 Exynos 5 Dual [5250] Mali-T604 MP4 Exynos 5 Hexa [5260] Mali-T624 MP3 Exynos 5 Octa [5420, 5422, 5430 and 5800] Mali-T628 MP6 Exynos 5 Hexa [7872] Mali-G71 MP1 @ 1.2 GHz Exynos 7 Octa [5433/7410] Mali-T760 MP6 Exynos 7 Octa [7420] Mali-T760 MP8 @ 772 MHz Exynos 7 Quad [7570], Exynos 3 Quad [3475] Mali-T720 MP1 Exynos 7 Octa [7580] Mali-T720 MP2 Exynos 7 Octa [7870] Mali-T830 MP1 @ 1000 MHz Exynos 7 Octa [7880] Mali-T830 MP3 @ 950 MHz Exynos 7 Series 7885 Mali-G71 MP2 @ 1300 MHz Exynos 850 Mali-G52 MP1 Exynos 8 Octa 880 Mali-G76 MP5 @ ???MHz Exynos 8 Octa [8890] Mali-T880 MP10 [Lite] / Mali-T880 MP12 @650 MHz Exynos 9 Octa [8895] Mali-G71 MP20 @ 546 MHz Exynos 7 Series 9610 Mali-G72 MP3 Exynos 9 Series 9810 Mali-G72 MP18 @ 572 MHz Exynos 9 Series 9820/9825 Mali-G76 MP12 @ 702/??? MHz Exynos 9 Series 980 Mali-G76 MP5 @ ? MHz Exynos 9 Series 990 Mali-G77 MP11 @ 800 MHz Exynos 1330 Mali G68 MP2 @ ??? MHz Exynos 1280 Mali-G68 MP4 @ 1000 MHz Exynos 1380 Mali-G68 MP5 @ 950 MHz Exynos 1080 Mali-G78 MP10 @ ?? MHz Exynos 2100 Mali-G78 MP14 @ ?? MHz S5P6450 Vega Mali-400 MP Sigma Designs SMP8750 Series Mali-400 MP4 @ 350 MHz Socle-Tech Leopard-6 Mali-200 Spreadtrum SC68xx, SC57xx, SC77xx, SC8xxx, SC983x Mali-400 MP Series SC9860, SC9860GV Mali-T880 MP4 ST-Ericsson NovaThor U9500, U8500, U5500 Mali-400 MP STMicroelectronics SPEAr1340 Mali-200 STi7108, STiH416 Mali-400 MP Telechips TCC8803, TCC8902, TCC8900, TCC9201 Mali-200 WonderMedia WM8750 Mali-200 WM8850, WM8950 Mali-400 MP WM8880, WM8980 Mali-400 MP2 WM8860 Mali-450 Xiaomi Surge S1 Mali-T860 MP4 @ 800 MHz Surge S2 Mali-G71 MP12 @ 900 MHz [?]

Mali video processors[edit]

Mali Video is the name given to ARM Holdings' dedicated video decoding and video encoding ASIC. There are multiple versions implementing a number of video codecs, such as HEVC, VP9, H.264 and VP8. As with all ARM products, the Mali video processor is a semiconductor intellectual property core licensed to third parties for inclusion in their chips. Real time encode-decode capability is central to videotelephony. An interface to ARM's technology is also built-in to enable digital rights management of copyrighted material.

Mali-V500[edit]

The first version of a Mali Video processor was the V500, released in 2013 with the Mali-T622 GPU. The V500 is a multicore design, sporting 1–8 cores, with support for H.264 and a protected video path using . The 8 core version is sufficient for 4K video decode at 120 frames per second [fps]. The V500 can encode VP8 and H.264, and decode H.264, H.263, MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, VP8.

Mali-V550[edit]

Released with the Mali-T800 GPU, ARM V550 video processors added both encode and decode HEVC support, 10-bit color depth, and technologies to further reduced power consumption. The V550 also included technology improvements to better handle latency and save bandwidth. Again built around the idea of a scalable number of cores [1–8] the V550 could support between 1080p60 [1 core] to 4K120 [8 cores]. The V550 supported HEVC Main, H.264, VP8, JPEG encode, and HEVC Main 10, HEVC Main, H.264, H.263, MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, VP8, JPEG decode.

Mali-V61[edit]

The Mali V61 video processor [formerly named Egil] was released with the Mali Bifrost GPU in 2016. V61 has been designed to improve video encoding, in particular HEVC and VP9, and to allow for encoding either a single or multiple streams simultaneously. The design continues the 1–8 variable core number design, with a single core supporting 1080p60 while 8 cores can drive 4Kp120. It can decode and encode VP9 10-bit, VP9 8-bit, HEVC Main 10, HEVC Main, H.264, VP8, JPEG and decode only MPEG4, MPEG2, VC-1/WMV, Real, H.263.

Mali-V52[edit]

The Mali V52 video processor was released with the Mali G52 and G31 GPUs in March 2018. The processor is intended to support 4K [including HDR] video on mainstream devices.

The platform is scalable from 1 to 4 cores and doubles the decode performance relative to V61. It also adds High 10 H.264 encode [Level 5.0] and decode [Level 5.1] capabilities, as well as AVS Part 2 [Jizhun] and Part 16 [AVS+, Guangdian] decode capability for YUV420.

Mali-V76[edit]

The Mali V76 video processor was released with the Mali G76 GPU and Cortex-A76 CPU in 2018. The V76 was designed to improve video encoding and decoding performance. The design continues the 2–8 variable core number design, with 8 cores capable of 8Kp60 decoding and 8Kp30 encoding. It claims improves HEVC encode quality by 25% relative to Mali-V61 at launch. The AV1 codec is not supported.

Mali-V77[edit]

The Mali V77 video processor was released with the Mali G77 GPU and Cortex-A77 CPU in 2019.

Comparison[edit]

Mali Video V500 V550 V61 V52 V76 V77 Announced June 2, 2013 October 27, 2014 October 31, 2016 March 6, 2018 May 31, 2018 Recommended GPU Mali-T800-series Mali-G51 Mali-G72 Mali-G31 Mali-G52 Mali-G76 Mali-G77 Recommended DPU Mali-DP500 Mali-DP550 Mali-DP650 Mali-DP650 Mali-D71 Mali-D52 Memory system MMU Bus interface AMBA 3 AXI AMBA 4 ACE Lite AMBA AXI AMBA4 AXI Performance [enc] 1080p60 [1 core] to 4K120 [8 core] 1080p60 [1 core] to 4K60 [4 core] 1080p60 [1 core] to 8K30 [8 core] Performance [dec] 1080p120 / 4K30 [1 core] to 4K120 [4 core] 1080p120 / 4K30 [1 core] to 8K60 [8 core] Decode & encode H.264 8-bit D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E H.264 10-bit - - - D & E D & E D & E VP8 D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E JPEG - D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E HEVC Main - D & E D & E D & E D & E D & E HEVC Main 10 - D D & E D & E D & E D & E VP9 8-bit - - D & E D & E D & E D & E VP9 10-bit - - D & E D & E D & E D & E AV1 - - - - - -

Mali display processors[edit]

Mali-D71[edit]

The Mali-D71 added Arm Framebuffer Compression [AFBC] 1.2 encoder, support for ARM CoreLink MMU-600 and Assertive Display 5. Assertive Display 5 has support for HDR10 and hybrid log–gamma [HLG].

Mali-D77[edit]

The Mali-D77 added features including asynchronous timewarp [ATW], . The Mali-D77 is also capable of 3K [2880x1440] @ 120 Hz and 4K @ 90 Hz.

Mali Display DP500 DP550 DP650 D71 D51 D77 D37 Announced May 8, 2010 October 27, 2014 January 20, 2016 October 31, 2017 March 6, 2018 May 15, 2019 October 23, 2019 Optimized res n/a 720p [HD] to 1080p [FHD] 1440p [QHD] 1440p [QHD] to 2160p [UHD/4K] 1080p [FHD] to 1440p [QHD] 2880x1440 @ 120 Hz 1080p [FHD] to 1440p [QHD] Maximum res 2160p [4K] 2160p [4K] 2160p [4K] 2160p [4K] up to 120fps 4096x2048 up to 60fps 4320x2160 @ 120 Hz Launched alongside Cortex-A17 core Mali-T800 series GPU, V550 Video Processor CoreLink MMU-600, Assertive Display 5 Mali-G31, Mali-G52, Mali-V52 Ethos-N77, Ethos-N57, Ethos-N37 Mali-G57

Mali camera[edit]

Mali-C71[edit]

On April 25, 2017 the Mali-C71 was announced, ARM's first image signal processor [ISP].

Mali-C52 and Mali-C32[edit]

On January 3, 2019 the Mali-C52 and C32 were announced, aimed at everyday devices including drones, smart home assistants and security, and internet protocol [IP] camera.

Mali-C71AE[edit]

On September 29, 2020 the Mali-C71AE image signal processor was introduced, alongside the Cortex-A78AE CPU and Mali-G78AE GPU. It supports up to 4 real-time cameras or up to 16 virtual cameras with a maximum resolution of 4096 x 4096 each.

Mali-C55[edit]

On June 8, 2022 the Mali-C55 ISP was introduced as successor to the C52. It is the smallest and most configurable image signal processor from Arm, and support up to 8 camera with a max resolution of 48 megapixel each. Arm claims improved tone mapping and spatial noise reduction compared to the C52. Multiple C55 ISPs can be combined to support higher than 48 megapixel resolutions.

Comparison[edit]

Mali camera C32 C52 C55 C71 C71AE Announced January 3, 2019 June 8, 2022 April 25, 2017 September 29, 2020 Throughput 600 MP/s 1.2 GP/s Support cameras 4 8 4 real-time or 16 virtual Max resolution 4608×3456 [16 MP] 8192×6144 [48 MP] 4096×4096 [16MP] Bit-depth [dynamic range] 20-bit [20 stops] 24-bit [24 stops] Channel support RGGB, RGBlr RGGB RGGB, RCCC, RGBIr, RCCB, RCCG RGGB, RCCC, RCCB, RCCG, RGBIr up to 16 channels ASIL compliance ASIL B / SIL 2

ASIL D / SIL 3

The Lima and Panfrost FOSS drivers[edit]

On January 21, 2012, Phoronix reported that Luc Verhaegen was driving a reverse-engineering attempt aimed at the Mali series of GPUs, specifically the Mali 200 and Mali 400 versions. The project was known as Lima and targeted support for OpenGL ES 2.0. The reverse-engineering project was presented at FOSDEM, February 4, 2012, followed by the opening of a website demonstrating some renders. On February 2, 2013, Verhaegen demonstrated Quake III Arena in timedemo mode, running on top of the Lima driver. In May 2018, a Lima developer posted the driver for inclusion in the Linux kernel. In May 2019, the Lima driver became part of the mainline Linux kernel.[better source needed] The Mesa userspace counterpart was merged at the same time. It currently supports OpenGL ES 1.1, 2.0 and parts of Desktop OpenGL 2.1, and the fallback emulation in MESA provides full support for graphical desktop environments.

Panfrost is a reverse-engineered driver effort for Mali Txxx [Midgard] and Gxx [Bifrost] GPUs. Introducing Panfrost talk was presented at X.Org Developer's Conference 2018. As of May 2019, the Panfrost driver is part of the mainline Linux kernel. and MESA. Panfrost supports OpenGL ES 2.0, 3.0 and 3.1, as well as OpenGL 3.1.

See also[edit]

• Adreno – GPU developed by Qualcomm [formerly AMD, then Freescale]
• Atom family of SoCs – with Intel graphics core, not licensed to third parties
• AMD mobile APUs – with AMD graphics core, licensed to Samsung
• PowerVR – by Imagination Technologies
• Tegra – family of SoCs by Nvidia with the graphics core available as a SIP block to third parties
• VideoCore – family of SoCs by Broadcom with the graphics core available as a SIP block to third parties
• – available as SIP block to third parties
• Imageon – old AMD mobile GPU

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