Which manifestations are related to target organ disease from hypertension select all that apply
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High blood pressure threatens your health and quality of lifeIn most cases, damage done from high blood pressure (HBP or hypertension) occurs over time. Left undetected or uncontrolled, high blood pressure can lead to:
Download the consequences of HBP infographic: English (PDF) | Spanish (PDF) | Traditional Chinese (PDF) Can hypertension cause other problems?When your blood pressure is high for too long, it damages your blood vessels – and LDL (bad) cholesterol begins to accumulate along tears in your artery walls. This leads to narrowed arteries and increases the workload of your circulatory system while decreasing its efficiency. As a result, high blood pressure puts you at greater risk for developing life-changing and life-threating conditions. Your best protection is knowledge, management and prevention
High blood pressure and hypertensive crisisIf your blood pressure readings exceed 180/120 mm Hg and you have any symptoms such as headache, chest pain, nausea/vomiting or dizziness, call 911 immediately. If you don’t have any symptoms, wait five minutes and then test your blood pressure again. Also contact your health care professional immediately if your readings are still unusually high and you aren’t experiencing any other symptoms of target organ damage such as chest pain, shortness of breath, back pain, numbness/weakness, change in vision or difficulty speaking. You could be experiencing a hypertensive crisis. High blood pressure and metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance syndrome)Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of risk factors, including high blood pressure, that raises the risk of heart disease, diabetes, stroke and other health problems. It's diagnosed when you have any three of these risk factors:
Download the metabolic syndrome fact sheet (PDF). Written by American Heart Association editorial staff and reviewed by science and medicine advisers. See our editorial policies and staff. OverviewWhat is secondary hypertension?Secondary hypertension happens when you have high blood pressure that is caused by a known disease or condition. High blood pressure, also called hypertension, is a common condition that is characterized by having a higher amount of pressure in your blood vessels than normal. Blood pressure is typically measured with an inflatable cuff that is placed around your arm. When taking your blood pressure, your healthcare provider is looking for two measurements:
The two measurements are listed together, systolic on top of diastolic. A normal blood pressure measurement is less than 120/80. Once your blood pressure rises above this measurement, your healthcare provider will start to monitor you for high blood pressure. It’s a condition that can be treated. High blood pressure that doesn’t have a known cause is called essential or primary hypertension. In contrast, secondary hypertension has a known cause. How common is secondary hypertension?Because secondary hypertension is rare, occurring in only 5 to 10 percent of the population, it is not always discovered. Testing for secondary hypertension can be expensive, so your healthcare provider will typically wait to begin testing until they strongly suspect secondary hypertension. Symptoms and CausesWhat causes secondary hypertension?Secondary hypertension is high blood pressure that is caused by another condition or disease. There are many different conditions or diseases that can cause secondary hypertension, including:
Side effects from certain medications can also contribute to secondary hypertension. Medications like:
What are the symptoms of secondary hypertension?Symptoms of secondary hypertension can vary depending on the type of condition or disease that is acting in combination with high blood pressure. Additionally, there may be difficulty controlling high blood pressure by using just one or two medications. The American Heart Association guidelines now define high blood pressure as blood pressure reading 130/80 or higher. Examples of symptoms for some conditions can include:
Diagnosis and TestsWho is tested for secondary hypertension?Because secondary hypertension is relatively rare, and screening for causes can be expensive and time-consuming, not every patient with high blood pressure will be tested for the condition. Your healthcare provider will test you if they feel there is a strong probable case. There are several factors that help determine if you should be screened for secondary hypertension. These factors include:
What tests will my healthcare provider do to diagnose secondary hypertension?Your healthcare provider will focus on the symptoms and signs of conditions that could cause secondary hypertension. Physical signs could include:
Blood tests may also be done. These could include:
Imaging tests could also be done to look at the size and structure of organs. These tests may include:
Your blood pressure will also be monitored to see if it dips at different points in the day or night. Management and TreatmentHow is secondary hypertension treated?Treatment for secondary hypertension will depend on the secondary condition your healthcare provider diagnoses. Secondary hypertension will last as long as you have the secondary condition. It is best to follow several tips for controlling high blood pressure (hypertension) while being treated for your underlying condition. These tips include:
In cases where a tumor is found to be the cause of the secondary hypertension, surgery may be needed to treat the condition. For hormonal imbalances and other conditions, medication may be used to treat secondary hypertension. PreventionCan secondary hypertension be prevented?Some causes of secondary hypertension, such as tumors or abnormal blood vessel structures, cannot be prevented. Other causes of the condition, such as medication use or a high body weight, could be prevented through lifestyle changes and awareness of potential side effects of medications. Discuss medication side effects with your doctor. You should not stop any medications without a speaking to your doctor. Outlook / PrognosisWhat is the outlook for those with secondary hypertension?Secondary hypertension has a positive outlook with treatment. Early detection and treatment can help minimize the possibility of serious damage due to abnormal blood vessel shape or tumors. Hypertension (high blood pressure) can become more common as patients age. It is not uncommon for patients to need to be continuously treated for high blood pressure, even after the underlying condition of their secondary hypertension has been treated. What is most organ damage in hypertension related to?Chronic exposure to high BP leads to damage of target organs, such as heart, kidney, and brain. In populations with high cardiovascular risk, this damage of target organs might better represent exposure to high BP than the BP measurement itself because of antihypertensive treatment effects and cardiovascular aging.
What are the 4 target organs for hypertension?The heart, kidney, brain, and arterial blood vessels are prime targets of hypertensive damage. Uncontrolled hypertension accelerates the damage to these organs and results in eventual organ failure and cardiovascular death and disability.
What are signs of target organ damage?Start with the patient's history, to assess for symptoms suggesting target organ damage; for example, chest discomfort (myocardial ischemia or MI), back pain (aortic dissection), altered level of consciousness, headache, visual disturbances (hypertensive encephalopathy), or shortness of breath (heart failure, pulmonary ...
Which mechanism of hypertension causes target organ damage?Hypertension causes target organ damage by the direct physical effect of increased blood pressure, as well as the active promotion of atherosclerosis and thrombogenesis.
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