A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

A	B
cognition	all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.
concept	a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people.
prototype	a mental image or best example of a category. Matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin).
algorithm	a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier—but also more error-prone—use of heuristics
heuristic	a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms.
insight	a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions.
creativity	the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
confirmation bias	a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence.
fixation	the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set.
mental set	a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past.
functional fixedness	the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual uses or purposes; an impediment to problem solving.
representativeness heuristic	judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to match particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information.
availability heuristic	estimating the likelihood of events based on their presence in our memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common.
overconfidence	the tendency to be more certain than correct—to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgments
belief perseverance	clinging to one’s initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited.
intuition	an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning.
framing	the way an issue is posed; how an issue is presented can significantly affect decisions and judgments.
language	our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
phoneme	in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
morpheme	in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix).
grammar	in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others.
semantics	the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning.
syntax	the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language.
babbling stage	beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.
one-word stage	the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words.
two-word stage	beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly statements made up of only a couple of words.
telegraphic speech	early speech stage in which a child speaks using mostly nouns and verbs such as “go car”.
linguistic determinism	Whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way we think

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Which of the following problem solving strategies allows us to solve problems quickly?
Are a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently this approach is a quick but not as thorough strategy?
Can be defined as the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem?
Which term refers to all mental activities?

b.Availability heuristic: estimating the likelihood of events based on theiravailability in memory. If instances come readily to mind(b/c ofvividness)we presume such events are common.7)How can framing impact decisions?a.Framing: the way an issue is posed, how an issue is framed cansignificantly affect decisions and judgments.8)What is belief bias and belief perseverance, how do they affect ourconceptions?

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9)How do computers mimic the human brain?10)What is language and its components (morphemes, grammar, semantics, andsyntax)?

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11)How does language develop in infants? How many languages can infantsdiscriminate between?

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12)What is Whorf’s hypothesis on language?13)Do animals communicate? What is the skepticism surrounding animalcommunication?

Which of the following problem solving strategies allows us to solve problems quickly?

A heuristic is a mental shortcut that allows people to quickly make judgments and solve problems. These mental shortcuts are typically informed by our past experiences and allow us to act quickly.

Are a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently this approach is a quick but not as thorough strategy?

Heuristics are simple, thinking strategies that allow us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently. Heuristics are less time consuming, but more error-prone than algorithms. Heuristics make it easier for us to use simple principles to arrive at solutions to problems.

Can be defined as the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem?

When the solution to a problem comes to you in an all-of-a-sudden manner, it can be considered insight. More specifically, insight can be defined as the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem. This is the opposite type of solution to trial-and-error solutions.

Which term refers to all mental activities?

Cognition refers to mental activities and processes associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating information. Cognition can include reasoning, judgment, and assembling new information into knowledge.

Cryto Eth

A methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem

Which of the following problem solving strategies allows us to solve problems quickly?

Are a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently this approach is a quick but not as thorough strategy?

Can be defined as the sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem?

Which term refers to all mental activities?

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