Which clinical manifestations is found in a client with a deficiency of adrenocorticotropic hormone?
OverviewWhat is hypopituitarism?Hypopituitarism is a rare condition in which there’s a lack (deficiency) of one, multiple or all of the hormones made by your pituitary gland. Hormones are chemicals that coordinate different functions in your body by carrying messages through your blood to your organs, muscles and other tissues. These signals tell your body what to do and when to do it. Show
The pituitary hormones are in charge of important functions in your body, such as metabolism, growth and development and reproduction. Your pituitary gland is a pea-sized gland located at the base of your brain below your hypothalamus (the part of your brain that controls your autonomic nervous system). It’s a part of your endocrine system. Your pituitary gland is connected to your hypothalamus through a stalk of blood vessels and nerves. This is called the pituitary stalk. Through the stalk, your hypothalamus communicates with your pituitary gland and tells it to release certain hormones. Your hypothalamus is the part of your brain that controls functions like blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and digestion. Hypopituitarism can occur from disorders of or damage to your pituitary gland or hypothalamus. What hormones do the pituitary gland make?Your pituitary gland makes the following hormones:
What are the different kinds of hypopituitarism?There are three different kinds of hypopituitarism based on the number of hormones that are lacking (deficient):
There are three kinds of hypopituitarism based on the cause of it and how your pituitary gland and its hormones are affected:
Who does hypopituitarism affect?Hypopituitarism can affect anyone at any age, though it’s a rare condition. How common is hypopituitarism?Hypopituitarism is a rare condition. There are approximately 10 to 40 new cases per one million people a year. Symptoms and CausesWhat are the symptoms of hypopituitarism?The symptoms of hypopituitarism depend on which pituitary hormone(s) are affected and deficient (lacking). The following factors also affect what kind of symptoms you’ll experience:
Symptoms of a lack of growth hormone (GH)Symptoms of growth hormone deficiency in newborns include:
Symptoms of growth hormone deficiency in children include:
Symptoms of growth hormone deficiency in adults include:
Symptoms of a lack of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)Symptoms of thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency in newborns include:
Symptoms of thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency in children and adults are similar to symptoms of hypothyroidism, an underactive thyroid. This is because TSH stimulates your thyroid to produce its own hormones. Symptoms of hypothyroidism include:
Symptoms of a lack of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and/or luteinizing hormone (LH)FSH and LH are called gonadotropins and affect your reproductive system. Symptoms of FSH deficiency and/or LH deficiency in newborns assigned male at birth include:
Symptoms of FSH deficiency and/or LH deficiency in children include:
Symptoms of FSH deficiency and/or LH deficiency in adults assigned male at birth include:
Symptoms of FSH deficiency and/or LH deficiency in adult assigned female at birth can include:
Symptoms of a lack of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotropin)Symptoms of ACTH deficiency in newborns include:
Symptoms of ACTH deficiency in children and adults include:
Symptoms of a lack of prolactinThe main symptom of prolactin deficiency is a lack of breast milk production after giving birth. Symptoms of a lack of oxytocinSymptoms of oxytocin deficiency include:
Symptoms of a lack of antidiuretic hormone (ADH or vasopressin or arginine vasopressin)Symptoms of ADH deficiency in newborns include:
Symptoms of ADH deficiency in children include:
Symptoms of ADH deficiency in adults can include:
What causes hypopituitarism?Many conditions and situations can cause hypopituitarism. In some cases, healthcare providers can’t determine the cause. This is called idiopathic hypopituitarism. In general, these three main factors can cause hypopituitarism:
Conditions that can put pressure on your pituitary or hypothalamusExamples of conditions that can cause pressure on your pituitary gland or hypothalamus include:
Situations that can cause pituitary or hypothalamus damageExamples of situations that can cause pituitary or hypothalamus damage include:
Rare conditions that can cause hypopituitarismExamples of rare conditions that can cause hypopituitarism include:
Diagnosis and TestsWhat tests will be done to diagnose hypopituitarism?Your healthcare provider may order any of the following tests to diagnose hypopituitarism:
Management and TreatmentHow is hypopituitarism treated?Treatment for hypopituitarism depends on which pituitary hormone(s) are deficient and the cause of the hypopituitarism. For that reason, treatment is very individualized. Your healthcare team will determine what the best treatment plan is for you. Common treatment options for hypopituitarism include:
Is there a cure for hypopituitarism?Currently, there’s no known cure for hypopituitarism, but it is treatable. PreventionWhat are the risk factors for hypopituitarism?The following conditions or situations are considered risk factors for hypopituitarism:
Can I prevent hypoparathyroidism?Unfortunately, there are no known ways to prevent hypopituitarism. Outlook / PrognosisWhat is the prognosis (outlook) for hypopituitarism?The prognosis for hypopituitarism varies and depends on the following four factors:
In most cases, people with hypopituitarism require close, lifelong monitoring of their hormones and symptoms. While many people with hypopituitarism lead healthy lives, long-term pituitary damage is associated with an increased risk of mortality (death) compared to people without hypopituitarism of the same age. Can I die from hypopituitarism?Although it is not as common, a sudden and severe onset of hypopituitarism can result in a medical emergency and death if it’s not treated. Be sure to call your healthcare provider or go to the nearest emergency room if you are experiencing symptoms. Living WithWhen should I see my healthcare provider?In most cases, hypopituitarism requires close, lifelong monitoring of the hormones affected. Be sure to see your healthcare provider regularly to make sure your treatment plan is working. If you’re experiencing new or concerning symptoms, contact your healthcare provider as soon as possible. What questions should I ask my doctor?If you’ve been diagnosed with hypopituitarism, you may want to ask your healthcare provider the following questions:
A note from Cleveland Clinic: A new diagnosis can be scary, but don’t be afraid to ask your healthcare provider questions about your hypopituitarism. Most cases of hypopituitarism require lifelong treatment and monitoring of your hormones, so it is important to see your provider regularly. Be sure to contact your provider if you have new or concerning symptoms. They’re there to help. Which clinical manifestation is found in a client with deficiency of adrenocorticotropic hormone?Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency
Symptoms of ACTH deficiency include: Severe fatigue. Low blood pressure, which may lead to fainting. Frequent and prolonged infections.
What are the symptoms of ACTH deficiency?Signs & Symptoms
ACTH deficiency can either be congenital or acquired, and its manifestations are clinically indistinguishable from those of glucocorticoid deficiency. Symptoms include weight loss, lack of appetite (anorexia), muscle weakness, nausea and vomiting, and low blood pressure (hypotension).
Which clinical manifestation is found in a patient with deficiency of growth hormone?Growth hormone deficiency (GHD), also known as dwarfism or pituitary dwarfism, is a condition caused by insufficient amounts of growth hormone in the body. Children with GHD have abnormally short stature with normal body proportions. GHD can be present at birth (congenital) or develop later (acquired).
Which clinical manifestation is observed in a client with adrenal insufficiency?The clinical manifestations of adrenal insufficiency include anorexia, abdominal pain, weakness, weight loss, fatigue, hypotension, salt craving and hyperpigmentation of the skin in case of primary adrenal insufficiency.
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