Which of the following is not a covered cause of loss under the basic causes of loss form?

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Prior to working in the insurance industry, I purchased insurance because I had to. I did not really understand the ins and outs of what I was purchasing or exactly what risks it would or would not protect me from. An insurance policy can be intimidating and sometimes confusing, but it is important to understand your coverage prior to a loss rather than after the damage is done to avoid unexpected gaps. There are three commercial property forms (basic, broad and special) that identify the causes of loss (or perils) for which coverage is provided. The basic and broad causes of loss forms are named peril forms whereas the special cause of loss form is an opened peril form. The named peril form provides coverage for losses caused by only those specifically listed while the open peril coverage form is an all risk form that provides coverage for losses by any cause unless it is specifically excluded.

Please give your agent a call today if you have any questions on the coverage forms within your policy.

Commercial Property

There are three alternatives insureds may select from when arranging the scope of coverage desired under ISO's commercial property program, basic, broad or special, which are differentiated by the scope of covered perils. This describes those forms.

Basic, Broad, and Special Forms Available

Summary: There are three alternatives insureds may select from when arranging the scope of coverage desired under ISO’s commercial property program. A policy written under the simplified language commercial property program of Insurance Services Office must incorporate one of three alternative causes of loss forms—basic form CP 10 10 10 12, broad form CP 10 20 10 12, or special form CP 10 30 10 12—which are differentiated by the scope of covered perils (referred to in the forms as causes of loss rather than perils) each provides. A fourth cause of loss form, CP 10 40 10 12, provides earthquake coverage for insureds who choose to add it to their policies. A number of optional causes of loss endorsements are also available to modify the terms of the policy.

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You've made it to Part VII of The Basics of Commercial Lines Rating! If you need a review, don't hesitate to explore our previous entries in this series. 

The Special Causes of Loss form is just that, special. It provides coverage for risks of direct physical loss unless, of course, they are excluded or limited. Unlike the Basicand Broad forms, which only cover what’s listed, the Special form covers everything except what’s listed in the called-out exclusions, limitations, and conditions.

Related:
To Be Class Rated or Not To Be, Rule 85

A couple of items to note:

• Theft coverage is included when using the limit of insurance (LOI) rating method, but it can be excluded.
• The Watercraft Exclusion modifies coverage under the Special form. It excludes watercraft damage to retaining walls that are not part of a building, such as bulkheads, pilings, piers, wharves, or docks.

When rating a policy with the Special form, both class-rated and specifically-rated properties are eligible. The amount of insurance and the coinsurance percentage must be the same for each cause of loss rated.

Property in offices may be written as a separate item under Special Causes of Loss, and Basic or Broad Causes of Loss forms can be used for the remaining property.

Special Causes of Loss eligibility requirements

Like on the Broad Causes of Loss form, the Special Causes of Loss form requires that coinsurance be at least 80% for property damage and 50% for time-element coverages. Be aware that certain risks cannot be covered under the Special form (Rule 72.C.). These include:

• For buildings and personal property
  • Farm or farming operations
  • Grain elevators, grain tanks, and grain warehouses
  • Nuclear reactor plants and installations
  • Neon, automatic, or mechanical electric outdoor signs erected or in the course of construction
  • Risks rated using the Rating Plan for Highly Protected Risks or Superior Risks
• For stock (unless incidental to the principal business):
  • Dealers in live poultry or live animals
  • Dealers in plants or shrubbery, florist greenhouses or nurseries
  • Wholesale fresh fruit and vegetable dealers

To develop the premium for a Special form policy, you will need to rate:

Group I Causes of Loss
Group II Causes of Loss
Special Causes of Loss

Basic Group I (BGI) and Basic Group II (BGII) Loss Costs are determined in the same way as a Basic form policy, regardless of whether the risk is class or specifically rated.

Here’s what the Special form loss costs might look like using the LOI rating method:

Building coverage

Loss cost: .056 (includes theft coverage).

To exclude theft from building coverage, apply a factor of .88 to the building rate.

Personal Property coverage

Special form Loss Costs:

Factors to exclude theft from Personal Property coverage:

Applying rate factors

BGI and BGII Loss Costs: When rating these for a Special form policy, apply the same rate factors in the same order as for a Basic form policy.

Special form Loss Costs: Apply applicable rate factors in the following order:

• Company filed Loss Cost multiplier
• Territory multiplier
• Coinsurance adjustment, if applicable
• Watchman service and/or burglar alarm system modification
• Theft exclusion factor
• Limit of Insurance relativity factor, if LOI rating method is used (interpolated)
• Factors or charges required by individual rules
• Taxes, unless local requirements dictate otherwise
• Payment plan factor

Remember to apply additive factors before applying multiplicative factors unless a rule states otherwise.

The “formula” to rate a policy with Special Causes of Loss without factors or charges dictated by individual rules — using (LOI) methodology would look like this:

Group I: Building coverage and Contents coverage

• Basic Loss Cost X Company Loss Cost Multiplier X Protection Class Multiplier (if class rated) X Territory
• Multiplier (if class rated) X Coinsurance X Interpolated LOI Relativity Factor = Final Rate.
• Final Rate X Limit of Insurance per 100 = Group I premium.

Group II:  Building coverage and Contents Coverage

• Basic Loss Cost X Company Loss Cost Multiplier X Coinsurance X Interpolated LOI Relativity Factor = Final Rate.
• Final Rate X limit of Insurance per 100 = Group II premium.

It is important to note that Territory and Protection Class multipliers do not apply to Group II.

Special Causes of Loss:  Building coverage and Contents coverage

• Basic Loss Cost X Company Loss Cost Multiplier X Territory Multiplier X Coinsurance X Theft Exclusion
• Factor (if applicable) X Interpolated  LOI Relativity Factor = Final Rate.
• Final Rate X Limit of Insurance per 100 = Special Causes of Loss Premium.

Note that the Protection Class Multiplier does not apply to Special Causes of Loss.

You will find the complete Causes of Loss — Special Form Rule (Rule 72) in Division Five of the Commercial Lines Manual.

This concludes The Basics of Commercial Rating series, which we designed to cover the foundations of this often-complex topic.

Which of the following is not a covered peril under the basic cause of loss form?

Which of the following is covered on a basic cause of loss form?

What are the 3 causes of loss forms?

Which of the following is a cause of loss?