Which of the following is the most commonly used assessment tool in psychology?
Learning Objectives
Show Psychological TestsPsychological tests are written, visual, or verbal evaluations administered to assess the cognitive and emotional functioning of clients or patients. These tests can include questionnaires and interviews, which are also designed to measure unobserved constructs. As we mentioned earlier, useful psychological test/scale must be both valid (i.e., there is evidence to support the idea that the test or scale measures what it is purported to measure and “how well it does so”) and reliable (i.e., internally consistent or give consistent results over time, across raters, etc.). Therefore, a test should meet the criterion of standardization. Figure 1. A critical part of the treatment process involves utilizing assessments to gather information that can provide direction for how to move forward with a client. One of the main advantages of standardized testing is that the results can be empirically documented; therefore, the test scores can be shown to have a relative degree of validity and reliability, as well as results that are generalizable and replicable. A standardized test is a test that is administered and scored in a consistent, or “standard,” manner. Standardized tests are designed in such a way that the questions, conditions for administering, scoring procedures, and interpretations are consistent and are administered and scored in a predetermined, standard manner. Psychological assessment is most often used in the psychiatric, medical, legal, educational, or psychological clinic settings. This type of clinical assessment can be thought of as a broad range of measurement techniques, all which involve having people provide scorable information about their psychological functioning. The types of assessments and the purposes for them differ among these settings. In the psychiatric setting, the common needs for assessment are to determine risks, whether a person should be admitted or discharged, the location the patients should be held, and what therapy the patient should be receiving. Within this setting, psychologists need to be aware of the legal responsibilities that they can legally do in each situation. Within a medical setting, psychological assessments are used to find a possible underlying psychological disorder, emotional factors that may be associated with medical complaints, an assessment for neuropsychological deficit, a psychological treatment for chronic pain, and the treatment of chemical dependency. There has been greater importance placed on the patient’s neuropsychological status as neuropsychologists are becoming more concerned with the functioning of the brain. Psychological assessment also has a role in the legal setting. Psychologists might be asked to assess the reliability of a witness, the quality of the testimony a witness gives, the competency of an accused person, or determine what might have happened during a crime. They also may help support a plea of insanity or to discount a plea. Judges may use the psychologist’s report to change the sentence of a convicted person, and parole officers work with psychologists to create a program for the rehabilitation of a parolee. Problematic areas for psychologists include predicting how dangerous a person will be. There is currently no accurate measure for this prediction; however, there is often a need for this prediction to prevent dangerous people from returning to society. Psychologists may also be called on to assess a variety of things within an education setting. They may be asked to assess the strengths and weaknesses of children who are having difficulty in the school systems (via intelligence testing), assess behavioral difficulties, assess a child’s responsiveness to an intervention, or help create an educational plan for a child. The assessment of children also allows for the psychologists to determine if the child will be willing to use the resources that may be provided. Due to rigorous efforts in developing norms, and developing reliability and validity measures, certain measures such as the Wechsler intelligence scales for both adults and children are seen as the strongest psychological instruments around. In a psychological clinic setting, psychological assessment can be used to determine characteristics of the client that can be useful for developing a treatment plan. Within this setting, psychologists often are working with clients who may have medical or legal problems or sometimes with students who were referred by their school psychologist. Some psychological assessments have been validated for use when administered via computer or the internet. However, caution must be applied to these test results as it is possible to fake in electronically mediated assessment. Many electronic assessments do not truly measure what is claimed, such as the Meyers-Briggs personality test. Although one of the most well-known personality assessments, it has been found both invalid and unreliable by many psychological researches and should be used with caution.[1][2] Types of Psychological AssessmentPsychological measures generally fall within one of several categories, including the following:
Try ItLink to LearningThis video clip demonstrates how a clinician conducts a mental state examination with a client, Glen, who is struggling with alcohol use and other symptoms following the death of his father (note that there is some strong language in the clip). As you watch, consider the techniques used by the clinician as she gathers information about Glen. Glossaryclinical interview: a face-to-face encounter between a mental health professional and a patient in which the former observes the latter and gathers data about the person’s behavior, attitudes, current situation, personality, and life history mental status examination (MSE): a medical process where a clinician working in the field of mental health systematically examines a patient’s mind and the way they look, think, feel, and behave psychological assessment: a broad range of measurement techniques, all which involve having people provide scorable information about their psychological functioning psychological tests: written, visual, or verbal evaluations administered to assess the cognitive and emotional functioning of clients or patients standardization: a psychometric criterion that clearly specifies a test’s instructions for administration and scoring standardized test: a test that is administered and scored in a consistent, or “standard,” manner What is the most common form of assessment in psychology?Intelligence tests are the more common type administered and include the Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler scales. Neuropsychological assessment — which can take up to 2 days to administer — is a far more extensive form of assessment.
What is the most commonly used assessment tool?Employment interviews. The employment interview is probably the most commonly used assessment tool.
What is an assessment tool in psychology?A psychological assessment can include numerous components such as norm-referenced psychological tests, informal tests and surveys, interview information, school or medical records, medical evaluation, and observational data. A psychologist determines what information to use based on the specific questions being asked.
What tools are used in psychology?Psychology Tools: A Guide. Observation. Observation is a fundamental tool for any science. ... . Experiments. Experiments are fundamental empirical tools in studying psychology or any other science. ... . Four Term Contingency. ... . Cognitive Restructuring. ... . Functional Analysis. ... . NET (Narrative Exposure Therapy) ... . Mindfulness. ... . Case Formulation.. |