Attracting new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it:

Demographic trends

Ethiopia’s population growth rate is well above the global average and is among the highest in Africa. Birth and death rates for the country are also well above those for the world. Life expectancy is about 50 years of age, about average for the African continent but lower than that of the world. Although the general age of the population is slightly older than it was in last decades of the 20th century, Ethiopia still has a relatively young population, with more than two-fifths under age 15.

Ethiopia hosts refugees from several neighbouring countries. The overwhelming majority of refugees are from Somalia, but there are also sizable numbers from Eritrea, Sudan, and South Sudan. Most have fled their countries because of conflict or famine. Conversely, there is some movement of Ethiopian refugees, most claiming political persecution and destined primarily for Kenya or the United States. In addition, since the last quarter of the 20th century, many young educated Ethiopians have opted to move to the Untied States or European countries for greater opportunities.

Internal migration has occurred for a number of reasons, including conflict and various government land-resettlement schemes. During the 1998–2000 war with Eritrea, for example, more than 300,000 Ethiopians in the Eritrean-Ethiopian border region were internally displaced, and, after periods of drought and famine in the early 2000s, some 300,000 people were moved from drought-prone areas to western parts of the country. Conflict between the federal government and the Tigray regional forces that began in 2020 led to the displacement of more than two million Tigrayans.

The Cultural Landscape, 11e (Rubenstein) Chapter 12 Services and Settlements Name________________________Class Period___________ Key Issue One: Where are services distributed?

1) Residents of rural settlements are more likely than residents of urban settlements to work in A) agriculture. B) manufacturing. C) services. D) education. E) cities. 2) A place where farm buildings, homes, and churches are found close together is what kind of settlement? A) urban B) linear rural C) dispersed rural D) clustered rural E) primordial 3) In the United States about ________ of all jobs are in consumer services. A) 50 percent B) 10 percent C) 5 percent D) 75 percent E) 25 percent 4) Consumer services include A) educational, retail, wholesale, social, leisure, and hospitality jobs. B) educational, retail, wholesale, professional, and financial service jobs. C) educational, retail, wholesale, and financial service jobs. D) health and social, professional, and financial service jobs. E) wholesale, social, leisure, and information service jobs. 5) In the United States educational services account for about ________ of jobs. A) 10 percent B) 2 percent C) 1 percent D) 35 percent E) 25 percent 6) Most people in the world live in what type of settlement? A) clustered rural B) dispersed rural C) urban settlement D) agricultural E) primordial

7) This map of the percentage of GDP from services indicates that services account for between 60 and 69 percent of GDP in A) Russia, Australia, and Germany. B) South Africa, Namibia, and Mexico. C) Mexico, Canada, and Russia. D) Brazil, Mexico, and Yemen. E) Brazil, the United States, and Canada. 8) Which of the following is not primarily a consumer service? A) transportation services B) retail and wholesale services C) education services D) health services E) hospitality services Key Issue Two: Where are consumer services distributed? 9) The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is the A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian 10) The maximum distance people are willing to travel for a service is A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian 11) A central place is a A) hinterland. B) market center. C) range of a good.

D) rank-size distribution. E) hexagonal settlement.

12) This map indicates that A) urban systems are only available during the daytime in rural areas. B) daily urban systems tend to cover much larger areas in western states. C) daily urban systems tend to cover much smaller areas in western states. D) daily urban systems in western states are about the same size as those in eastern states. E) western states do not tend to have daily urban systems.

13) This map of central place theory in North Dakota indicates that the populations of A) Rugby and Granville are smaller than Towner. B) Granville and Towner are smaller than Rugby. C) New Town and Stanley are larger than Minot. D) Bottineau is smaller than Lansford. E) Lansford is larger than Minot.

14) If a country's largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants and the second largest city has 200,000 inhabitants, the country follows what distribution? A) central place B) economic base C) primate city D) rank-size E) equidistant 15) The hierarchical listing of settlements by size is known as the A) primate city. B) economic base. C) gravity model. D) rank-size rule. E) nesting of settlements. 16) A primate city is A) a city with political, economic, and cultural functions. B) at least twice as large as the next smaller city. C) the seat of a Roman Catholic diocese. D) a rapidly growing city. E) the center of gravity for a hinterland. 17) If a country follows the rank-size rule, if the largest city has 1,000,000 inhabitants, how many people live in the fifth largest city? A) 50,000 B) 100,000 C) 200,000 D) 500,000 E) 5,000,000 18) The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is A) directly related to the number of people and services in the area and inversely related to the lengths of highways and railways that access it. B) directly related to the range in the area and inversely related to the hinterland. C) directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it. D) directly related to the median of people in the area and inversely related to the meridian of people who travel to access it. E) directly related to the distance people must travel and inversely related to the number of people in the area. 19) The potential use of a service at a location is related directly to population and inversely to distance in the A) gravity model. B) population model. C) distance decay. D) gravitational model. E) threshold model. 20) ) Central Place Theory predicts larger settlements are A) more numerous and closer together. B) more numerous and farther apart. C) less numerous and farther apart. D) less numerous and closer together.

E) more numerous. 21) ) In a linear community, we can deduce that the best location for a service is the A) hinterland. B) range. C) threshold. D) median. E) meridian. Key Issue Three: Where are business services distributed? 22) Global cities are identified and ranked by a combination of A) economic, political, cultural, and infrastructure factors. B) economic, service, industrial, and infrastructure factors. C) central place theory and gravity models. D) hinterland models. E) political and infrastructure factors. 23) The geometric pattern which geographers use to represent market areas is A) a circle. B) a hexagon. C) a square. D) a pentagon. E) an octagon. 24) A ________ is an example of a settlement that specializes in public services. A) state capital B) hospital C) large casino complex D) shopping mall E) retirement community

25) An analysis of this U.S. map indicates that A) Indianapolis is Gamma-ranked and Denver is Beta-ranked. B) Indianapolis is Beta-ranked and Denver is Alpha-ranked. C) Indianapolis is Gamma-ranked and Denver is Alpha-ranked. D) San Diego is Gamma-ranked and Denver is Alpha-ranked. E) Indianapolis is Gamma-ranked and Detroit is Gamma-ranked. 26) The attraction of the outsourced "call center" industry to locate in India can best be explained by A) low wages and the wide use of English. B) low wages and geographic situational factors. C) the wide use of English and the large number of working students. D) Indian students' ability to work at night and geographic situational factors. E) low wages and desperate conditions. 27) The attraction of the outsourced "offshore banking" industry can best be explained by A) bank secrecy laws and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries. B) low wages, bank secrecy laws, and the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries. C) the wide use of English and the large number of working students in the Cayman Islands. D) the avoidance of paying taxes in other countries and the hiding of prostitution and capital crimes. E) corporate greed and the hiding of unethical and illegal behaviors, including prostitution. 28) World cities are defined by A) the number and type of business services found there. B) their total population. C) their location relative to other cities. D) the number of museums, monuments, and universities they offer. E) their total population in relation to major capital cities. 29) LDCs specialize in what two types of global business services? A) management consulting and staff training B) regional command and control centers C) biotechnology and medical research D) entertainment and recreation E) offshore financial and back office 30) Two major benefits many LDCs offer in terms of global financial services are A) tax breaks and privacy. B) command and control centers and low wages. C) dependent centers and tax breaks. D) command and control centers and dependent centers. E) privacy and low wages. 31)What factors determine where back office services will locate in LDCs? A) political stability and cultural diversity B) market threshold and service range C) military training and proximity to command and control centers D) low wage rates and workers who can speak English E) tax advantages and bank secrecy laws 32) Back-office functions are also called A) business-process offshore banking. B) market threshold outsourcing.

C) command and control centering. D) business-process outsourcing. E) tax advantage outsourcing. Key Issue Four: Why do services cluster in settlements?

33) This map of offshore financial centers indicates that A) most are concentrated in South America. B) many are concentrated in the United States. C) many are concentrated in the eastern Caribbean. D) many are concentrated in East Asia. E) there are more offshore banking centers in Europe than in the Caribbean. 34) Which of the following is most likely a basic economic activity? A) video rental store B) grocery store C) gas station D) steel mill E) travel agency 35) A firm that sells its products primarily to consumers outside its settlement is a A) basic industry. B) functional classification. C) nonbasic industry. D) primate city. E) consumer service. 36) Richard Florida's research identified a relationship between the distribution of A) talent and diversity. B) central places. C) talent and economic prosperity. D) rural and urban settlements. E) business and consumer services. 37) Attracting a new basic industry is important to a community, primarily because it

A) changes the community's functional classification. B) stimulates new nonbasic industries. C) disrupts the central place hierarchy. D) changes the nation's rank-size distribution of settlements. E) replaces obsolete industry.

38) According to these "geography of talent" maps, A) scientists in the western states are partly concentrated in and around Seattle, Denver, and San Francisco. B) scientists in the western states are mainly concentrated in Arizona, New Mexico, Montana, Wyoming, and Nevada. C) in the Midwest, the percentage of scientists in Chicago is greater than the percentage in St. Louis. D) scientists in the eastern states are mainly concentrated in South Carolina and West Virginia. E) there are almost no scientists in California or Arizona. 39) The French long-lot system was developed primarily because of A) collective land ownership. B) common grazing land. C) inheritance laws. D) need for access to a river. E) long distance between farms. 40) The most significant impact that Great Britain's enclosure movement made on the rural landscape was to A) produce more of a dispersed rural settlement pattern. B) reinforce the traditional clustered rural settlement pattern. C) discourage urbanization.

D) increase the rural population. E) improve transportation. 41) Clustered rural settlements were most common in which region of colonial America? A) Middle Atlantic B) New England C) Southeast D) Coastal margins E) West 42) The most prominent structure in the ancient city of Athens was the ________, which still overlooks the city. A) pyramid B) Great Pyramid C) Parthenon D) cathedral E) Ziggurat 43) Because of its centrality in an ancient communications network, we still have the old saying "All roads lead to ________." A) Paris B) Athens C) Rome D) Genoa E) London 44) Which of the following is considered to be a hearth of urban settlement? A) Rome B) North Africa C) southern Africa D) Australia E) Mesopotamia 45) Heterogeneity is more a characteristic of A) suburban and rural communities. B) ancient urban centers than modern urban centers. C) manufacturing centers and rural populations. D) rural and urban centers. E) urban centers than rural communities. 46) Higher social heterogeneity in urban settlements means that A) the people you know socially are probably the same ones you see at work. B) the people are more alike than in rural settlements. C) people compete for limited space. D) there are many different kinds of people in cities. E) people play a specialized role in the urban economy. FRQ’s. Use geographic terminology and examples 1.Most geography textbooks describe business and consumer services as separate categories for purposes of study and planning. A) In what ways do the various kinds of business and consumer services overlap? B)Discuss several examples where the lines between these categories are blurred or confused. 2. Developing countries are experiencing rapid urbanization. A)What advantages might their societies experience as a result of this rapid shift? B)What disadvantages are most pronounced? C)On the whole, is this a

positive or negative trend? 3. Outline the major principles of central place theory, and discuss the degree to which they relate to your local community.

What was the most important economic reason for the origin of settlements?

Which of the following is a basic economic activity?

Why is the absence of a rank

Which of the following is considered to have been a hearth of urban settlement?