Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect the panas scales
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The independence of positive and negative affect.
It appears that positive and negative affect are independent in terms of how much people feel in their lives over longer time periods, but researchers need to focus on the processes that underlie both positive andnegative affect and that are responsible for producing their relative independence. A study of psychological well-being.
The concept of psychological well-being is introduced, and scales to measure three of its different facets are described and applied to 1655 British respondents, which yields a major cluster of happiness items. We couldn't find a proper paper. invalid access. This website uses cookies. We use cookies to improve your online experience. By continuing to use our website we assume you agree to the placement of these cookies.
Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scalesD Watson et al. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 Jun. AbstractIn recent studies of the structure of affect, positive and negative affect have consistently emerged as two dominant and relatively independent dimensions. A number of mood scales have been created to measure these factors; however, many existing measures are inadequate, showing low reliability or poor convergent or discriminant validity. To fill the need for reliable and valid Positive Affect and Negative Affect scales that are also brief and easy to administer, we developed two 10-item mood scales that comprise the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The scales are shown to be highly internally consistent, largely uncorrelated, and stable at appropriate levels over a 2-month time period. Normative data and factorial and external evidence of convergent and discriminant validity for the scales are also presented. Similar articles
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What does the PANAS scale measure?The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) (Watson, Clark, & Tellegen, 1988) is one of the most widely used scales to measure mood or emotion. This brief scale is comprised of 20 items, with 10 items measuring positive affect (e.g., excited, inspired) and 10 items measuring negative affect (e.g., upset, afraid).
Who developed PANAS scale?The PANAS Scale was developed in 1988 by three American psychologists: David Watson, Lee Anna Clark and Auke Tellegen. At that time, the PANAS Scale was mainly applied to measure changes in feeling and emotion when conducting research tasks. The test is also used as a research tool in group studies.
What is positive and negative affect in psychology?Positive affectivity refers to positive emotions and expression, including cheerfulness, pride, enthusiasm, energy, and joy. Negative affectivity is negative emotions and expression, which includes sadness, disgust, lethargy, fear, and distress.
How is PANAS scale calculated?The total score is calculated by finding the sum of the 10 positive items, and then the 10 negative items. Scores range from 10 – 50 for both sets of items. For the total positive score, a higher score indicates more of a positive affect. For the total negative score, a lower score indicates less of a negative affect.
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